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. 2023 Jun 7;9(6):e17051. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17051

Table 3.

Effect of Ambient parameters (humidity and temperature) on the average fiber diameter.

Ambient parameters
Parameter Material Methods and Preparations Results Findings Citation
(E-CE)C
  • ●

    (E-CE)C with Mn of 9.7 × 104 g/mol with a DS of 2.1 for Ethyl and 0.37 for Cyanoethyl.

  • ●

    THF was used as the solvent.

  • ●

    Concentration of (E-CE)C/THF solutions is 17 wt%

  • ●

    The applied voltage was 30 kV

  • ●

    The diameter of orifice was 1.2 mm.

  • ●

    The TCD was adjusted to be 150 mm.
  • ●

    The percentage of fibers with a diameter smaller than 4 μm is 77% at a temperature of 22 °C.

  • ●

    The average fiber diameter was 4500, 3500, 4500, 5400, 5600 nm according to spinning temperature 18 °C, 22 °C, 26 °C, 30 °C, 34 °C
  • ●

    The average fiber diameter increases with the increase of the spinning temperature.

 [27]
Humidity and Temperature CA
  • ●

    acetone:DMAc with 99.5% purity for the DMAc.

  • ●

    Cellulose acetate solutions with 17 wt% was dissolved in 2:1 v/v of acetone:DMAc.

  • ●

    stirred at 25 c° for 4 h s.

  • ●

    TCD was 120 mm.

  • ●

    Flow rate of 1 mL/h.

  • ●

    Fixed voltage of 15 kV.
  • ●

    At high RH% rates above (60%), it is not possible to produce well-shaped nanofibers.

  • ●

    Only at RH 45%–60% a complete nonwoven fiber was formed; at the rest of the other conditions, a wet spot was found in the middle.

  • ●

    For 45% relative humidity the average fiber diameter was 400, 600, 550 nm for 9.85 °C, 19.85 °C, 29.85 °C.

  • ●

    For 30% relative humidity the average fiber diameter was 350, 520, 450 nm for 9.85 °C, 19.85 °C, 29.85 °C respectively.
  • ●

    The average fiber diameter increases with the increase of RH at the same temperature.

  • ●

    According to the chemical nature of CA, an increase in humidity, water absorption and precipitation will increase the chance of formation of nonwoven fibers.

 [47]
Chitosan
  • ●

    Chitosan of 80 mg/mL dissolved in TFA and DCM of relative concentration 70/30 (v/v).

  • ●

    TCD was 120 mm.

  • ●

    Voltage was 17 kV

  • ●

    Flow rate was 0.2 mL/h (20,22, 27,32) °C (solution temperature).
  • ●

    A change in the morphology from bead connected fibers to uniform fibers was observed.

  • ●

    Facilitating the electrospinning process, as a result of decreasing the Chitosan viscosity.
  • ●

    The uniformity of the fiber increases with the increase of the solution temperature.

  • ●

    Increasing the solution temperature can cause a decrease in the Chitosan viscosity.

 [48]