. 2023 Jun 7;9(6):e17049. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17049

Table 2.

Cross-sectional studies, examining the inter-individual difference between oral contraceptive users and naturally menstruating women.

Author(s), year	n	Performance test	Oral contraceptive	EE	Progestin	Duration of use	Test phase	Results	Risk of bias (NOS)
Author(s), year	n	Performance test	Oral contraceptive	EE	Progestin	Duration of use	Test phase	$\dot{V}$ O_2max (ml/kg/min)	Risk of bias (NOS)
Gordon et al., 2018 [40]	16	cycle ergometer	mono-phasic	30 mcg 150 mcg	levonorgestrel	>3 months	OC users (n = 6): day 19–20, interpreted as active-pill phase	44.3 +/− 3.6	high
Gordon et al., 2018 [40]	16	cycle ergometer	mono-phasic	30 mcg 150 mcg	levonorgestrel	>3 months	NCOC users (n = 10): menstruation, interpreted as F	41.6 +/− 3.7	high
Mattu et al., 2019 [11]	30	cycle ergometer	mono-phasic	20–35 mcg	levonorgestrel (n = 10) desogestrel (n = 5)	>6 months	OC users (n = 15): active-pill phase	45.2 +/− 4.3	moderate
Mattu et al., 2019 [11]	30	cycle ergometer	mono-phasic	20–35 mcg	levonorgestrel (n = 10) desogestrel (n = 5)	>6 months	NOC users (n = 15): F (day 5–10)	47.1 +/− 4.1	moderate
Quinn et al., 2018 [27]	16	cycle ergometer	mono-phasic		not specified	>12 months	OC users (n = 8): active-pill phase	44.5 +/− 4.2^a	high
Quinn et al., 2018 [27]	16	cycle ergometer	mono-phasic		not specified	>12 months	NOC users (n = 15): F (day 4–10)	43.5 +/− 5.2^a	high
Vaiksaar et al., 2011 [41]	16	rowing ergometer	mono-phasic	20 mcg	gestodene 75 mcg	>3 months	OC users (n = 9): day 20 +/− 2, interpreted as active-pill phase	44.5 +/− 5.2	moderate
Vaiksaar et al., 2011 [41]	16	rowing ergometer	mono-phasic	20 mcg	gestodene 75 mcg	>3 months	NOC users (n = 7): F (day 8 +/−3)	45.2 +/− 9.4	moderate

Note. Values are reported as means +/− SD.

OC: combined oral contraceptive, EE: Ethinyl estradiol, F: follicular phase, n: number of participants, NOC: non-combined oral contraceptive, NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.

$\dot{V}$ O_2peak was measured.