Table 4.

Hazard ratios for the risk of incident recidivism.

Variable	n (%)	Recidivism event	Person-years	Recidivism incidence rate	Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)
					Crude	P value	Adjusted	P value
Sex
Male	102 (68.9)	28	243.2	0.12	0.82 (0.44–1.52)	0.532	0.86 (0.39–1.90)	0.704
Female	46 (31.1)	16	109.6	0.15	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Age
<30	19 (12.8)	6	44.8	0.13	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
30-59	108 (72.9)	34	252.2	0.13	1.01(0.42–2.41)	0.981	1.09 (0.43–2.81)	0.852
≧60	21 (14.2)	4	55.8	0.07	0.55 (0.15–1.94)	0.351	0.61 (0.15–2.45)	0.490
Type of crime
Non-violent	110 (74.3)	36	256.9	0.14	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Violent	38 (25.7)	8	96.0	0.08	0.62 (0.29–1.33)	0.218	0.73 (0.32–1.66)	0.453
Number of incarcerations
First-time offenders	86 (58.1)	17	220.3	0.08	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Multiple-time offenders	62 (41.9)	27	132.6	0.20	2.45 (1.34–4.50)	0.004**	2.70 (1.42–5.14)	0.003**
Substance abuse
No substance abuse	99 (66.9)	29	239.8	0.12	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Substance abuse	49 (33.1)	15	113.1	0.13	1.12 (0.60–2.08)	0.731	1.12 (0.58–2.17)	0.737
Presence of a key family member
No family member	66 (44.6)	23	147.9	0.16	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Presence of a key family member	82 (55.4)	21	205.0	0.10	0.67 (0.37–1.21)	0.185	0.56 (0.29–1.08)	0.083
Jobs before incarceration
Unemployed	132 (89.2)	40	313.0	0.07	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Employed	16 (10.8)	4	39.8	0.10	0.80 (0.29–2.23)	0.668	0.69 (0.24–1.98)	0.489
Schizophrenia, schizotypal, and delusional disorders (F2)	52 (35.1)	11	133.3	0.08	0.57 (0.29–1.12)	0.105	0.47 (0.22–1.01)	0.052
Mental retardation (F7)	26 (17.6)	13	49.5	0.26	2.43 (1.27–4.65)	0.007**	2.76 (1.23–6.18)	0.014*

*P < 0.05.**P < 0.01.