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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 28.
Published in final edited form as: MRS Bull. 2023 May 24;48(5):475–483. doi: 10.1557/s43577-023-00540-5

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Images of different multimodal implantable neuroelectronics. (a) Cross-sectional optical images of the multimodality probe tips. Adapted with permission from Reference 36. (b) Microphotographs of a fabricated hectoSTAR micro-light-emitting diode (μLED) optoelectrode. Note blue light being generated from active μLEDs. Scale bar = 300 μm. Adapted with permission from Reference 27. (c) Device schematic of the 32-channel Au/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) nanomesh (NM) microelectrode array (MEA), microscope image of a Au/PEDOT:PSS bilayer-NM microelectrode and scanning electron microscope image of a zoomed-in region of the microelectrode shown on the left. Adapted with permission from Reference 30. (d) Conceptual diagram of each component (tubing, three-inlet staggered herringbone mixer (SHM) chip, and chemtrode) of the proposed neural probe system for multidrug delivery before and after assembly. Adapted with permission from Reference 32. (e) Optofluidic neural probe during simultaneous drug delivery and photostimulation. (Insets) Comparison of such a device (top) and a conventional metal cannula (bottom; outer and inner diameters of ~500 and 260 μm, respectively). Scale bars = 1 mm. μILED, micro-inorganic light-emitting diode. Adapted with permission from Reference 33. (f) Demonstration of wireless fluid delivery and optical stimulation in a brain tissue phantom. Adapted with permission from Reference 35.