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. 2023 Jun 8;9(6):e17066. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17066

Table 1.

Mean, standard deviation, and inter-correlation of the GHOST items (N = 811).

Variable M SD Ghost 1 Ghost 2 Ghost 3 Ghost 4 Ghost 5 Ghost 6 Ghost 7 Ghost 8 Ghost 9 Ghost 10
Ghost 1 2.49 1.01
Ghost 2 2.55 0.95 0.36*
Ghost 3 2.80 0.92 0.22* 0.31*
Ghost 4 2.63 1.05 0.14* 0.24* 0.30*
Ghost 5 2.40 1.17 0.20* 0.25* 0.10* 0.23*
Ghost 6 2.79 1.07 0.13* 0.18* 0.31* 0.28* 0.37*
Ghost 7 2.73 1.03 0.09* 0.34* 0.36* 0.40* 0.21* 0.25*
Ghost 8 2.82 0.99 0.17* 0.25* 0.24* 0.18* 0.21* 0.23* 0.40*
Ghost 9 2.85 1.11 0.24* 0.28* 0.24* 0.21* 0.24* 0.19* 0.33* 0.28*
Ghost 10 2.62 1.14 0.13* 0.31* 0.33* 0.19* 0.27* 0.25* 0.36* 0.22* 0.30*

Note: M = mean, SD = standard deviation, *p < 0.001. Correlation coefficients are the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Ghost 1 (Neglect), Ghost 2 (Avoidance), Ghost 3 (Tardiness), Ghost 4 (Ambiguity), Ghost 5 (Blocking), Ghost 6 (Barriers), Ghost 7 (Absence), Ghost 8 (Inconsistently), Ghost 9 (Vulnerability), Ghost 10 (Withdrawal).