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. 2023 Jun 7;9(6):e17053. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17053

Table 4.

Result of compressive strength and surface roughness for PLA printed samples and its improvement using ultrasonic-assisted FDM.

Run
Control Factors
Response Values
Improvement compared to 0 kHz (%)
Build Orientation Ultrasonic Frequency (kHz) Compressive Strength (MPa) Surface Roughness, Ra (μm) Compressive Strength (MPa) Surface Roughness, Ra (μm)
1 X 0 31.8556 7.2367
2 X 10 31.2301 12.1133 −1.9635 67.3871
3 X 20 32.293 10.9433 1.3731 51.2195
4 Z 0 36.5582 8.43
5 Z 10 36.4505 9.4067 −0.2946 11.5860
6 Z 20 36.2703 9.0267 −0.7875 7.0783