Figure 2.

IFN actions against SARS-CoV-2 mediated by select ISGs. Cell infection progression of SARS-CoV-2 is depicted. In the context of IFN production or treatment type I and III IFNs signal through the Jak-STAT pathway and induce the assembly, nuclear accumulation, and activity of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) transcription factor that binds to the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) promoter region of ISGs, inducing their expression. Hundreds of ISGs, including OAS1, ISG15, MX1, are induced by IFNs. Major ISGs that suppress/restrict SARS-CoV-2 replication at specific steps in the viral life cycle are shown.