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HIF-1α regulates atherosclerosis by targeting macrophage function. Activation of HIF-1α in inflammatory macrophages can increase the necrotic plaque area through miRNA-210 and miRNA-383-mediated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) exhaustion, thus promoting atherosclerosis progression. In contrast, HIF-1α induces netrin-1 and unc-5 netrin receptor b (Unc5b) expression in hypoxia and decreases macrophage migration, thereby alleviating atherosclerosis.
