Fig. 2.

Medications targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway are used for treating CLD. Green and purple arrows indicate promotion of liver fibrosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, respectively, while blue and orange arrows represent inhibition of HCC development (Fig. 2). The abbreviations used in the figure are: HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma), TDF (Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate), PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase), Bcl-xl (B-cell lymphoma-extra large), ROS (reactive oxygen species), LC3I (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3I), LC3II (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3II), HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1), GCLC (glutamate-l-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit), Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2), EADM (Epirubicin), Tan I (Tanshinone I), HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α), Rg3 (ginsenoside Rg3), and SFN (sorafenib). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)