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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2023 Feb 9;151:106052. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106052

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of the study sample

Child mean age: years (SD; range) 4.24 years (.75; 3.19–5.86)
 Age 3 n (%) 63 (45.0%)
 Age 4 n (%) 51 (36.4%)
 Age 5 n (%) 26 (18.6%)
Child sex: female n (%)
Child race/ethnicity: n (%)
61 (43.6%)
 Asian 7 (5.0%)
 Hispanic/Latinx 27 (19.3%)
 Multiracial/Multiethnic/Other 26 (18.6%)
 White
Childcare/schoola:
80 (57.1%)
 Mean number of hours of preschool, daycare, and/or other childcare settings per week (SD; range)
Parents’ marital status: n (%)
17.46 hours (15.16; 0–51)
 Married or living together
Family income: n (%)
127 (90.7%)
 <$40,000 18 (12.9%)
 $40,000 - $70,000 28 (20.1%)
 $70,001 - $100,000 28 (19.4%)
 >$100,000 66 (47.5%)
Mothers’ mean age: years (SD; range) 34.58 years (5.71; 21–56)
Fathers’ mean age: years (SD; range) 35.86 years (6.05; 22–57)
Mothers’ education: n graduated college (%) 95 (67.9%)
Fathers’ education: n graduated college (%) 54 (55.1%)

Note: N = 140 mothers and N = 98 fathers; Sex: male = 0, female = 1

a

0.7% of the sample (n = 1) did not report mean hours of child care; Parents’ not married/living together = 0, Parents’ married/living together = 1.