Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2023 Feb 9;151:106052. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106052

Table 4.

Interaction models with parenting behavior, parental psychopathology, perceived stress and children’s HCC.

Children’s HCC
Parent variables and covariates B SE t p 95% LLCI, 95% ULCI
Authoritarian Parenting
Race/Ethnicity −.437 .199 −2.197 .031 −.833, −.042
Sex −.469 .195 −2.402 .018 −.858, −.081
Stressful Life Events −.028 .077 −.363 .717 −.181, .125
Mothers’ Authoritarian Parenting .006 .022 .277 .783 −.038, .051
Fathers’ Authoritarian Parenting .026 .019 1.376 .172 −.012, .064
Mothers’ Authoritarian Parenting x Fathers’ Authoritarian Parenting .010 .004 2.652 .009 .003, .018
 
Authoritative Parenting
Race/Ethnicity −.372 .208 −1.790 .077 −.784, .041
Sex −.440 .200 −2.193 .031 −.838, −.041
Stressful Life Events −.072 .080 −.896 .373 −.231, .087
Mothers’ Authoritative Parenting .005 .017 .291 .772 −.029, .039
Fathers’ Authoritative Parenting −.004 .013 −.290 .773 −.030, .022
Mothers’ Authoritative Parenting x Fathers’ Authoritative Parenting −.002 .002 −.753 .453 −.006, .003
 
Permissive Parenting
Race/Ethnicity −.384 .213 −1.804 −1.804 −.806, .039
Sex −.411 .201 −2.042 .044 −.811, −.011
Stressful Life Events −.071 .081 −.884 .379 −.232, .089
Mothers’ Permissive Parenting .037 .036 1.032 .305 −.034, .109
Fathers’ Permissive Parenting .015 .033 .450 .654 −.050, .079
Mothers’ Permissive Parenting x
Fathers’ Permissive Parenting
.002 .011 .159 .874 −.021, .024
 
Psychopathology
Race/Ethnicity −.422 .207 −2.038 .045 −.833, −.011
Sex −.523 .205 −2.545 .013 −.930, −.115
Stressful Life Events −.070 .079 −.879 .382 −.227, .088
Mothers’ Anxiety −.001 .010 −.119 .906 −.020, .018
Fathers’ Anxiety .004 .008 .420 .675 −.013, .020
Mothers’ Anxiety x
Fathers’ Anxiety
.001 .001 1.464 .147 .000, .002
 
Race/Ethnicity −.374 .208 −1.793 .076 −.787, .040
Sex −.447 .201 −2.228 .028 −.845, −.049
Stressful Life Events −.070 .083 −.839 .404 −.234, .095
Mothers’ Depression .013 .020 .656 .514 −.026, .052
Fathers’ Depression .007 .019 .348 .729 −.031, .045
Mothers’ Depression x
Fathers’ Depression
−.001 .004 −.194 .846 −.009, .007
 
Stress
Race/Ethnicity −.368 .208 −1.772 .080 −.780, .045
Sex −.424 .212 −1.995 .049 −.846, −.002
Stressful Life Events −.077 .084 −.913 .364 −.243, .090
Mothers’ Perceived Stress −.016 .021 −.784 .435 −.057, .025
Fathers’ Perceived Stress −.001 .015 −.042 .967 −.030, .029
Mothers’ Perceived Stress x
Fathers’ Perceived Stress
.004 .003 1.365 .176 −.002, .010

Note: HCC = hair cortisol concentration; Sex: male = 0, female = 1; Race/ethnicity: children of color = 0, white children = 1; B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error; LLCI = lower limit confidence interval; ULCI = upper limit confidence interval.