Table 4. Selection of ongoing OVs in clinical trials (with or without co-therapy) obtained from Clinicaltrials.gov.
OV: oncolytic virus, P: phase, AdV: adenovirus, TNF: tumor necrosis factor, IL-12: interleukin 12, ICI: immune checkpoint inhibitor, PTD: protein transduction domain, NETs: neuroendocrine tumors, CD: cytosine deaminase, HSV: herpes simplex virus, TK: thymidine kinase, PC: pancreatic cancer, IFN: Interferon, GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, FLT3LG: Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, CCL4: chemokine ligand 4, CYP2B1: cytochrome p450 2B1, LTs: liver tumors, MV: measles virus, NIS: sodium iodide symporter, ATRT: atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, NAP: neutrophil activating protein, BC: breast cancer, GUCB: glucuronidase beta, B-gal: beta-galactosidase, GFP: green fluorescent protein, LC: lung cancer, NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer, MM: multiple myeloma, BTs: brain tumors, GP: p-glycoprotein, CRC: colorectal cancer.
| Viral species | Variant | Genetic modification | Condition | Co-therapy | P | Identification number |
| AdV | TILT-123 | TNF-B and IL-2 | Ovarian cancer | ICI | I | NCT05271318 |
| AdVince | Chromogranin A and PTD [118] | NETs | NA | I/IIa | NCT02749331 | |
| Theragene | CD and HSV-1 TK [119] | PC | Radiotherapy | IIa | NCT04739046 | |
| YSCH-01 | L-IFN | Advanced solid tumors | NA | I | NCT05180851 | |
| NG-641 | FAP-TAc and CXCL9/CXCL10/IFN-alpha | Metastatic cancers | Chemotherapy or ICI | I | NCT04053283 | |
| HSV | G207 | Deletion of γ134.5 [120] | Cerebellar tumors | Radiotherapy | I | NCT03911388 |
| OH2 | GM-CSF | Advanced PC | NA | Ib/II | NCT04637698 | |
| ONCR-177 | IL-12, FLT3LG, CCL4 [121] | Advanced cutaneous and solid cancers | ICI | I | NCT04348916 | |
| rRp450 | CYP2B1 and Deletion of ICP6 [122] | Primary LTs | NA | I | NCT01071941 | |
| MV | MV-NIS | NIS | Recurrent medulloblastoma and ATRT | Surgery | I | NCT02962167 |
| MV-s-NAP | NAP | Metastatic BC | NA | I | NCT04521764 | |
| VV | GL-ONC1 | GUCB, B-gal and GFP [123] | LC and mesothelioma | NA | I | NCT01766739 |
| MVA-MAGEA3 | MAGE-A3 | NSCLC | OV: ChAdOx-1-MAGEA3-NYESO, chemotherapy and ICI | I/II | NCT04908111 | |
| JX-594 | GM-CSF and B-gal [124] | Advanced BC and sarcoma | Chemotherapy | I/II | NCT026330368 | |
| Reovirus | Reolysin | NA | Relapsed or refractory MM | Chemotherapy | I | NCT02101944 |
| Relapsed or refractory BTs | Recombinant GM-CSF | I | NCT02444549 | |||
| NDV | MEDI5395 | GM-CSF [125] | Advanced solid tumors | Durvalumab | I | NCT03889275 |
| VSV | VSV-hIFNbeta-NIS | IFN-beta and NIS | Stage IV or Recurrent Endometrial cancer | With or without chemotherapy | I | NCT03120624 |
| VSV-GP128 | GP | Stage IV CRC | immunotherapy vaccines | I/II | NCT04046445 |