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. 2023 Jun 20;9(6):e17417. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17417

Table 3.

Cointegrating long-run estimations using the Engle-Granger (Fully Modified Least Square (FMOLS)) procedure.

Panel A: Variables Model-1 Model-2
LY 1.03*** (0.08)
LRP −0.49*** (0.09) −0.28*** (0.01)
LR −0.009** (0.004)
LX 0.40*** (0.12)
LFCG 0.16 (0.16)
LI 0.32*** (0.12)
Dummy(TL) 0.07*** (0.02) 0.06*** (0.02)
C
−3.30*** (1.04)
−0.77 (1.05)
Panel B: Cointegration test through the ADF test on EG's residual
Residual at level −5.84** −5.40**
Residual at 1 lag −4.73** −5.41**
Diagnostic tests R2 = 0.97
SER = 0.04
Normality = X2 1.04 (prob. 0.59)
R2 = 0.98
SER = 0.03
Normality = X2 0.33 (prob. 0.84)

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, and * p < 0.1. Critical values for the ADF unit root test at the 5% significance level are −4.35 for model-1 and -4.76 for model-2, which are taken from MacKinnon (1991).