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. 2023 Jun 20;9(6):e17417. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17417

Table 4.

Cointegrating long-run estimations by using the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model.

Panel A: Variables Model 1 Model 2
LY 1.03 (0.05)
LRP −0.22 (0.05) −0.87 (0.12)
LR −0.008 (0.002)
LX 0.39 (0.22)
LFCG 0.77 (0.17)
LI 0.75 (0.14)
C
−3.21
−6.79
Panel B: Cointegration test
Null
Alternative
Eigenvalue
Trace Statistics
Max-Eigen
Statistics
Eigenvalue
Trace Statistics
Max-Eigen
Statistics
r = 0
r ≤ 1
r ≤ 2
r ≤ 3
r ≤ 4
r = 1
r = 2
r = 3
r = 4
r = 5
0.65
0.34
0.31
0.07
68.58* (55.25)
31.07 (35.01)
15.98 (18.40)
2.72 (3.84)
37.51* (30.82)
15.09 (24.25)
13.27 (17.15)
2.72 (3.84)
0.81
0.78
0.49
0.12
0.05
142.91* (79.34)
83.94* (55.25)
30.34 (35.01)
6.63 (18.40)
1.95 (3.48)
58.96* (37.16)
53.60* (30.82)
23.71 (24.25)
4.67 (17.15)
1.95 (3.84)
Diagnostic tests Observations = 39 (adjusted)
R2 = 0.63
SEE = 0.03
Portmanteau = X2 64.50 (p. 0.0001)
Normality = X2 3.23 (p. 0.91)
LM = F 0.52 (p. 0.91)
Hetero. = X2 255.07 (p. 0.39)
Observations = 39 (adjusted)
R2 = 0.98
SEE = 0.03
Portmanteau = X2 179.70 (p. 0.000)
Normality = X2 2.57 (p. 0.98)
LM = F 1.76 (p. 0.054)
Hetero. = X2 468.43 (p. 0.45)

Notes: In panel A: standard errors in parentheses, ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1. In panel B: r denotes the number of cointegrating vectors. Critical values are provided in the parentheses, which are taken from MacKinnon, Haug and Michelis (1999).