Table 2.

Standard methods applied to determine the characteristics of NSAC.

Characteristics of NSAC	Standard methods used	References
Moisture content	ASTM D2867-99	[37]
Ash content	ASTM D2866-94	[38]
Volatile matter	ASTM D5832-95	[27]
Yield	–	[39]
Iodine number	ASTM D4607-94	[40]
Fixed carbon	–	[41]
Bulk density and porosity	ASTM D2854-96	[27]
pH	ASTM D3838-80	[42]
Point of zero charge	Solid addition method	[41]