Figure 3: Two distinct approaches to antibody sequence and structure co-design with conditioning on antigen structure.

a) DiffAb parametrizes the distribution of the CDR’s sequences (s), positions (x), and orientations (o) for the next step of denoising. b) In each refinement step of HERN, the docking module encoders the residues and atoms into vector representations. It then computes the residue-level force between Cα atoms, and the local force between side chains. The paratope structure is then updated based on the predicted forces.