Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the included articles.
| Study | Year | Country | Diagnostic criteria | n | Measurement of primitive reflex | Age (mean) | Test scale | r | Main conclusion | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primitive reflexes | ||||||||||
| ATNR | STNR | |||||||||
| Taylor et al. (7) | 2004 | Australia | DSM-IV | 54 | INPP Reflex Assessments Test | 9.32 (8–11) | CPRS-R | 0.2680 | 0.3820 | ADHD was associated with primitive reflexes |
| Konicarova et al. (18) | 2013 | Czech Republic | DSM-IV | 35 | Schilder Test and Bender– Purdue Reflex Test | 9.51 (8–11) | CPQ | 0.6607 | 0.4271 | ADHD symptoms were associated with persistent ATNR and STNR |
| Konicarova and Bob (16) | 2013 | Czech Republic | DSM-IV | 60 | Schilder test | 9.32 (8–11) | CPQ | 0.6081 | Null | ADHD symptoms were closely related to persistent ATNR |
| Bob et al. ① (17) | 2021 | Czech Republic | DSM-IV | 40 | Schilder Test and Bender–Purdue Reflex Test | 9.21 (8–11) | CPQ | 0.5680 | 0.240 | ADHD symptoms were closely associated with persisting ATNR |
| Bob et al. ② (17) | 2021 | Czech Republic | DSM-IV | 40 | Schilder Test and Bender–Purdue Reflex Test | 9.30 (8–11) | CPQ | 0.1778 | 0.5176 | ADHD symptoms were closely related to persistent STNR |
CPQ, Conners’ Parent Questionnaire; CPRS-R, Conners’ parent rating scale-revised; ATNR, asymmetric tonic neck reflex; STNR: Symmetric tonic neck reflex; INPP, Institute for Neuro-Physiological Psychology; and DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition.