Table 2.
Subgroup analysis of primitive reflexes and ADHD.
| Variable | PR | n | Heterogeneity test result | Accumulate correlation coefficient r (95% CI) | Effects model | Effect size test | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q | p-value | I2/% | Fisher’s Z (95% CI) | z | p-value | ||||||
| Conduct problems | ATNR | 5 | 1.77 | 0.78 | 0 | 0.25 (0.12, 0.37) | Fixed | 0.26 (0.13, 0.39) | 3.78 | <0.01 | |
| STNR | 4 | 1.89 | 0.59 | 0 | 0.28 (0.13, 0.41) | Fixed | 0.28 (0.13, 0.44) | 3.56 | <0.01 | ||
| Anxiety | ATNR | 4 | 2.26 | 0.52 | 0 | 0.33 (0.19, 0.46) | Fixed | 0.34 (0.19, 0.50) | 4.40 | <0.01 | |
| STNR | 3 | 0.58 | 0.75 | 0 | 0.0007 (−0.19, 0.19) | Fixed | 0.001 (−0.19, 0.19) | 0.008 | 0.99 | ||
| Impulsivity-hyperactivity | ATNR | 5 | 4.25 | 0.37 | 5.9 | 0.41 (0.29, 0.52) | Fixed | 0.43 (0.30, 0.57) | 6.35 | <0.01 | |
| STNR | 4 | 0.57 | 0.90 | 0 | 0.36 (0.22, 0.49) | Fixed | 0.38 (0.22, 0.53) | 4.72 | <0.01 | ||
| Learning problems | ATNR | 5 | 4.26 | 0.37 | 6.1 | 0.25 (0.12, 0.38) | Fixed | 0.26 (0.13, 0.40) | 3.68 | <0.01 | |
| STNR | 3 | 0.28 | 0.87 | 0 | 0.43 (0.26, 0.57) | Fixed | 0.46 (0.27, 0.65) | 4.70 | <0.01 | ||
| Perfectionism | ATNR | 4 | 0.69 | 0.88 | 0 | 0.39 (0.25, 0.51) | Fixed | 0.41 (0.25, 0.56) | 5.21 | <0.01 | |
| STNR | 3 | 1.32 | 0.52 | 0 | 0.12 (−0.07, 0.30) | Fixed | 0.12 (−0.07, 0.31) | 1.27 | 0.20 | ||
| Muscular tension | ATNR | 4 | 0.45 | 0.93 | 0 | 0.29 (0.15, 0.42) | Fixed | 0.30 (0.15, 0.45) | 3.83 | <0.01 | |
| STNR | 3 | 4.19 | 0.12 | 52.3 | 0.15 (−0.04, 0.34) | Random | 0.15 (−0.04, 0.34) | 1.08 | 0.28 | ||
| Psychosomatic difficulties | ATNR | 3 | 0.01 | 0.99 | 0 | 0.07 (−0.12, 0.25) | Fixed | 0.07 (−0.12, 0.26) | 0.68 | 0.49 | |
| STNR | 3 | 0.22 | 0.90 | 0 | 0.04 (−0.15, 0.23) | Fixed | 0.04 (−0.15, 0.23) | 0.44 | 0.66 | ||
| Antisocial behavior | ATNR | 3 | 0.85 | 0.65 | 0 | 0.23 (0.05, 0.40) | Fixed | 0.24 (0.05, 0.43) | 2.43 | 0.01 | |
| STNR | 3 | 3.01 | 0.22 | 33.5 | 0.016 (−0.17, 0.20) | Fixed | 0.02 (−0.17, 0.21) | 0.13 | 0.89 | ||
| Sex | Boys | ATNR | 2 | 0.19 | 0.66 | 0 | 0.23 (0.03, 0.42) | Fixed | 0.24 (0.03, 0.44) | 2.20 | 0.03 |
| STNR | 2 | 0.62 | 0.43 | 0 | 0.44 (0.26, 0.59) | Fixed | 0.47 (0.27, 0.68) | 4.45 | <0.01 | ||
| Girls | ATNR | 2 | 0.38 | 0.54 | 0 | 0.61 (0.44, 0.74) | Fixed | 0.71 (0.48, 0.95) | 5.93 | <0.01 | |
| STNR | 2 | 0.77 | 0.38 | 0 | 0.33 (0.11, 0.52) | Fixed | 0.34 (0.11, 0.58) | 2.85 | <0.01 | ||
| Primitive reflex test | INPP test | ATNR | 1 | Null | Null | Null | 0.27 (0.00, 0.50) | Null | 0.28 (0.00, 0.55) | 1.96 | 0.05 |
| Schilder test | 4 | 8.44 | 0.04 | 64.4 | 0.53 (0.41, 0.63) | Random | 0.59 (0.44, 0.74) | 7.53 | <0.01 | ||
| INPP test | STNR | 1 | Null | Null | Null | 0.38 (0.13, 0.59) | Null | 0.40 (0.13, 0.68) | 2.87 | <0.01 | |
| B-P test | 3 | 2.04 | 0.36 | 2 | 0.40 (0.23, 0.55) | Fixed | 0.42 (0.23, 0.61) | 4.36 | <0.01 | ||
INPP test, INPP Reflex Assessments Test; B-P test, Bender-Purdue Reflex Test.