Figure 2. Heterologous RNA prime/protein boost vaccine strategy drives a robust systemic proinflammatory response both post-boost and post- M. avium challenge.

Circulating proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured in serum samples collected one week post boost immunization and six weeks post M. avium challenge. (A-H) Concentration of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, KC/GRO, IL-10, and IL-5 (measured in pg/mL) at both time points. Bars show mean ± SEM, dots represent individual mice, n = 3–4/group. Asterisks indicate statistical significance compared to the saline alone group, where **p<0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 using two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.