Table 3.

General Characteristics of Subjects in the Training and Validation Datasets According to the Development of Metabolic Syndrome

Variables	Training Dataset (2009 Group)			External Validation Dataset (2019 Group)
	Non-MetS	MetS	p-value	Non-MetS	MetS	p-value
	N=4501 (92.9)	N=346 (7.1)		N=3728 (86.2)	N=596 (13.8)
Gender
Male, n (%)	2867 (63.70)	298 (86.13)	<0.001	1918 (51.45)	562 (94.30)	<0.001
Female, n (%)	1634 (36.30)	48 (13.87)	<0.001	1810 (48.55)	34 (5.70)	<0.001
Age, (years)	45.97 ± 13.74	54.73 ± 12.81	<0.001	44.34 ± 13.22	46.47 ± 14.84	0.0003
BMI (kg/m2)	23.35 ± 2.87	27.39 ± 2.27	<0.001	23.29 ± 1.82	27.05 ± 0.44	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	120.35 ± 21.05	141.13 ± 15.98	<0.001	126.84 ± 13.07	167.96 ± 8.87	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	79.90 ± 10.46	93.34 ± 9.67	<0.001	74.05 ± 9.27	92.52 ± 1.36	<0.001
FBG (mg/dL)	94.87 ± 18.42	125.76 ± 36.77	<0.001	87.65 ± 7.64	120.65 ± 8.46	<0.001
TG (mg/dL)	134.46 ± 106.74	266.23 ± 246.29	<0.001	123.18 ± 55.05	331.13 ± 34.20	<0.001
TC (mg/dL)	176.11 ± 33.70	187.95 ± 37.55	<0.001	167.96 ± 23.59	225.62 ± 5.18	<0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	48.57 ± 12.28	38.51 ± 9.96	<0.001	48.12 ± 10.25	74.58 ± 2.30	<0.001
LDL-C (mg/dL)	95.49 ± 25.51	99.09 ± 26.48	<0.001	93.19 ± 19.46	141.20 ± 4.52	<0.001
SUA (mg/dL)	5.22 ± 1.33	6.19 ± 1.36	<0.001	5.32 ± 1.17	7.90 ± 0.32	<0.001

Notes: Continuous variables were represented as mean ± standard deviation and categorical data were represented as a number (percentage). P-values of normal-distribution date derived from Student’s t-test; and P-values of categorical data derived from chi-squared test.

Abbreviations: MetS, metabolic syndrome; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SUA, serum uric acid.