Table 1.

Sex Differences in Risk of Mortality and/or Hospitalization in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Study	Endpoint	Risk (95% CI)
Study	Endpoint	Women	Men
ACEI
ACEI meta-analysis¹²	Mortality	OR 0.79 (0.59–1.06)	OR 0.76 (0.65–0.88)
ACEI meta-analysis¹²	Mortality and HF Hospitalizations	OR 0.78 (0.59–1.04)	OR 0.63 (0.55–0.73)
ACEI meta-analysis¹³	Mortality	RR 0.92 (0.81–1.04)	RR 0.82 (0.74–0.90)
ARB
Val-HeFT^†	Mortality	HR 0.93 (0.68–1.27)	HR 1.04 (0.90–1.19)
Val-HeFT^†	HF Hospitalizations	HR 0.74 (0.55–0.98)	HR 0.73 (0.62–0.86)
CHARM- Trials^†	CV Mortality or HF hospitalization	HR 0.81 (0.67–0.98)	HR 0.82 (0.73–0.91)
ELITE II¹⁵⁸	Mortality	HR 1.14 (0.8–1.8)	HR 1.12 (0.9–1.4)
ARNI
PARADIGM-HF¹⁰	CV Mortality or HF Hospitalization	Not reported but p-value for interaction = 0.63	Not reported but p-value for interaction = 0.63
Aldosterone blockers
Meta-analysis¹⁵⁹	CV Mortality or HF hospitalization	aHR0.73 (0.62–0.86)	aHR0.69 (0.62–0.77)
Nitrate + Hydralazine
A-HEFT²²	Mortality	HR 0.33 (0.16–0.71)	HR 0.79 (0.46–1.35)
A-HEFT²²	Mortality or HF hospitalization	HR 0.58(0.39– 0.86)	HR 0.67 (0.49–0.92)
B-blocker therapy
US Carvedilol HF¹⁶⁰	Mortality	HR 0.23 (0.07–0.69)	HR 0.41 (0.22–0.80)
COPERNICUS¹⁶¹	Mortality	RR 0.63 (0.39–1.04)	RR 0.68 (0.54–0.86)
CIBIS II¹⁶²	Mortality	RH 0.53 (0.42–0.67)	RH 0.37 (0.19–0.69)
MERIT-HF¹⁶³	Mortality	RR 0.93 (0.58–1.49)	RR 0.63 (0.50–0.78)
Ivabradine
Ivabradine²³	CV Mortality or HF hospitalization	HR 0.74 (0.60–0.91)	HR 0.84 (0.76–0.94)
Digitalis
Digitalis¹⁹	Mortality	aHR1.23 (1.02–1.47)	aHR0.93 (0.85–1.02)
Digitalis¹⁹	HF Hospitalizations	HR 0.87 (0.72–1.04)	HR 0.66 (0.60– 0.73)
SGLT2 inhibitors
DAPA-HF¹¹	HF Hospitalization, IV therapy or CV Mortality	HR 0.79 (0.59–1.06)	HR 0.73 (0.63–0.85)
EMPEROR¹⁷	CV Mortality or HF hospitalization	HR 0.59 (0.44–0.80)	HR 0.80 (0.68–0.93)

^†

Unpublished data provided by the principal investigators