Table 3.
In vivo efficacy (Net house) of EO-grafted CuNPs against maydis leaf blight of maize.
| S. No. | Treatments | 1st scoring | 2nd scoring | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Score * | PDI (%) * | Score * | PDI (%) * | ||
| 1 | ST (EGC) @250 mg L−1 | 2.762 ± 0.024c | 30.688 (33.626 ± 0.164)# de | 2.976 ± 0.024cde | 33.069 (35.089 ± 0.161)de |
| 2 | ST (EGC) @500 mg L−1 | 2.619 ± 0.086cd | 29.101 (32.627 ± 0.599)ef | 2.786 ± 0.071cde | 30.952 (33.787 ± 0.490)ef |
| 3 | ST (EGC) @1,000 mg L−1 | 2.238 ± 0.063cd | 24.868 (29.896 ± 0.463)g | 2.476 ± 0.063cde | 27.513 (31.620 ± 0.450)g |
| 4 | ST (CuNPs) @1,000 mg L−1 | 2.619 ± 0.086cd | 29.100 (32.627 ± 0.599)ef | 2.810 ± 0.063cde | 31.217 (33.951 ± 0.432)ef |
| 5 | ST (EO) @100 mg L−1 | 4.500 ± 0.082b | 50.000 (44.982 ± 0.525)c | 4.786 ± 0.109b | 53.174 (46.802 ± 0.695)c |
| 6 | FS (EGC) @250 mg L−1 | 3.048 ± 0.063c | 33.862 (35.569 ± 0.424)d | 3.262 ± 0.024c | 36.243 (37.000 ± 0.158)d |
| 7 | FS (EGC) @500 mg L−1 | 3.000 ± 0.041c | 33.333 (35.249 ± 0.278)d | 3.119 ± 0.024cd | 34.656 (36.050 ± 0.159)de |
| 8 | FS (EGC) @1,000 mg L−1 | 2.643 ± 0.124cd | 29.365 (32.788 ± 0.865)ef | 2.857 ± 0.109cde | 31.746 (34.273 ± 0.743)e |
| 9 | FS (CuNPs) @1,000 mg L−1 | 2.857 ± 0.071c | 31.746 (34.277 ± 0.490)de | 3.071 ± 0.071cd | 34.126 (35.728 ± 0.481)de |
| 10 | FS (EO) @1,000 mg L−1 | 5.071 ± 0.180ab | 56.349 (48.633 ± 1.151)b | 5.167 ± 0.156b | 57.407 (49.245 ± 1.003)b |
| 11 | ST+FS (EGC) @250 mg L−1 | 2.357 ± 0.041cd | 26.190 (30.767 ± 0.298)fg | 2.524 ± 0.104cde | 28.042 (31.953 ± 0.734)fg |
| 12 | ST+FS (EGC) @500 mg L−1 | 2.238 ± 0.086cd | 24.868 (29.892 ± 0.635)g | 2.429 ± 0.082cde | 26.984 (31.277 ± 0.591)g |
| 13 | ST+FS (EGC) @ 1,000 mg L−1 | 1.857 ± 0.189d | 20.635 (26.952 ± 1.476)h | 2.119 ± 0.145e | 23.544 (28.990 ± 1.091)h |
| 14 | ST+FS CuNPs) @1,000 mg L−1 | 2.238 ± 0.086cd | 24.867 (29.892 ± 0.635)g | 2.357 ± 0.109de | 26.190 (30.758 ± 0.785)gh |
| 15 | ST+FS (EO) @1,000 mg L−1 | 4.571 ± 0.041b | 50.794 (45.436 ± 0.262)c | 4.714 ± 0.041b | 52.381 (46.346 ± 0.263)c |
| 16 | Absolute control (Water Spray) | 0.071 ± 0.041e | 0.793 (4.115 + 2.147)i | 0.167 ± 0.048f | 1.851 (7.618 ± 1.255)i |
| 17 | Manc @2,000 mg L−1 | 3.199 ± 0.145c | 34.656 (36.039 ± 0.970)d | 3.310 ± 0.063c | 36.772 (37.313 ± 0.415)d |
| 18 | NC (Pathogen only) | 5.810 ± 0.063a | 64.550 (53.439 ± 0.420)a | 6.167 ± 0.126a | 68.519 (55.857 ± 0.861)a |
*Data are the mean of two different seasons with three replications. #Data within the parentheses are angular-transformed values. Data (mean ± standard errors) followed by different letters in each column indicate a significant difference (Tukey HSD, p ≤ 0.05). Disease data scored twice on 20 and 30 DAI. ST, seed treatment; FS, foliar spray; PDI, percentage disease index; EGC, EO-grafted CuNPs; EO, essential oil (clove oil); Manc, mancozeb 75% WP; NC, negative control.