Table 3.

Standardized Coefficients of Cognitive Outcomes Regressed on Type of Care at Wave 1

	Battelle Developmental Inventory (n = 1,244; Under 4 years old at wave 1)			Preschool Language Scales (n = 1,385; full sample)
	Wave 2			Wave 2			Wave 3
	β	B	SE	β	B	SE	β	B	SE
Type of care (referent = no care)
Formal care	.05	1.46	2.06	.05	2.57	2.16	.02	1.19	3.71
Informal care	.16	5.47	2.28 *	.04	2.76	4.07	−.03	−2.38	3.99

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001.

Note. All models controlled for the outcome at the prior wave of assessment. All models controlled for child race, child age, child sex, sexual abuse, physical abuse, physical neglect, supervisory neglect, caregiver age, caregiver mental health, caregiver marital status, number of children in the home, caregiver poverty status, caregiver education level, and caregiver employment status.