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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 21.
Published in final edited form as: J Hum Resour. 2021 Jun 9;58(4):1273–1306. doi: 10.3368/jhr.59.2.0720-11064r1

Table 2.

Effects on Average Health

Body Size Lung Function Blood Pressure Summary

Reduced-form
Post −0.023 [0.012]* −0.023 [0.012]* −0.019 [0.014] −0.020 [0.014] 0.020 [0.012] 0.020 [0.012]* −0.014 [0.014] −0.015 [0.014]
Two stages least squares
Stayed in school until 16 −0.170 [0.090]* −0.170 [0.090]* −0.155 [0.112] −0.164 [0.112] 0.148 [0.091] 0.150 [0.091]* −0.112 [0.112] −0.118 [0.112]
Additional Controls? No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes
N Observations 127,366 127,366 103,682 103,682 129,165 129,165 102,378 102,378

Notes: The table shows the effects on average health. The first two rows show reduced-form effects of the 1972 Raising of the School Leaving Age. The last two rows show two stages least squares estimates of the effect of staying in school until age 16 obtained by using an indicator for being born on or after September 1, 1957 to instrument for staying in school until age 16. Robust standard errors. All regressions control for calendar month of birth. Additional controls include male, age in days and age squared, dummies for ethnicity, and dummies for country of birth.

*, **, and *** denote significance at the 10, 5 and 1 percent level.