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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 21.
Published in final edited form as: Nanophotonics. 2021 Aug 18;10(12):3199–3214. doi: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0304

Figure 1:

Figure 1:

Schematic concept of the study. Photodynamic priming (PDP) induces the expression of HSP60, HSP70, Calreticulin, and HMGB1 in Panc spheroids, when treated with triple-receptor-targeted photoimmuno-nanoconjugates (TR-PINs). This highlights the direct tumor cell killing and the induction of immunogenic cell death by TR-PINs, enhancing the immunogenicity of spheroids. Upregulation of degranulation marker CD107a and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) in CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells demonstrates efficient T cell priming due to enhanced immunogenicity. The direct phototoxic effects of TR-PINs and photo-primed antitumor T cells show substantial tumor cell death, suggesting enhanced tumor killing.