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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 21.
Published in final edited form as: Cardiol Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Apr 20;7(2):129–140. doi: 10.26502/fccm.92920318

Figure 1:

Figure 1:

Oncostatin-M (OSM) secretion, downstream signaling, and regulation of molecular functions. Vascular tissue manipulation through stenting or arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation leads to endothelial injury and subsequent immune cell recruitment including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. The recruited immune cells secrete OSM which on binding with OSM-receptor (OSMR) leads to activation of downstream signaling that involve signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT)3, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt). This regulates various molecular and cellular events including angiogenesis, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, cell proliferation, migration, change in gene expression, and inflammation. Interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).