Table 3.
Characteristics of the intervention studies.
| Authors | Participants | Age M | Kind of intervention programme | Outcomes actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Anastopoulos et al. (2018) |
N = 88 52 females 36 males |
AR 17–27 M = 20.2 |
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) programme: 6–10 weeks (90-min) and received weekly individual mentoring sessions (30-min). | ADHD Executive functioning Comorbid symptoms |
| *Anastopoulos et al. (2021) |
N = 250 165 females 85 males |
AR 18–30 M = 19.7 |
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) programme: eight weeks (90-min) and individual mentoring sessions (30-min). | ADHD Executive functioning Adult depression Anxiety symptoms |
| *Bettis et al. (2017) | N = 62 | AR 18–22 M = 19.67 |
Coping skills group: six weekly sessions. Cognitive training programme: 30 sessions (15–20 min) in six weeks. |
ADHD Stress Coping skills Executive functioning Mental health symptoms |
| *Eddy et al. (2021) |
N = 250 165 females 85 males |
AR 18–30 M = 19.7 |
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) programme: eight weeks (90-min) and individual mentoring sessions (30-min). | ADHD symptoms and life domains Academic skills and strategies |
| *Gabriely et al. (2020) |
N = 73 54 males 17 females |
AR 18–40 M = 25.76 |
Mindfulness meditation: 27 participants. Eight weekly meetings (2.5-h) and a retreat day. Device-guided breathing (DGB): 35 participants. Three weeks (15-min). Control group: nine participants. |
Diagnoses and interventions, age, and gender Dispositional mindfulness ADHD symptoms Breathing rate, heart rate and galvanic skin response rate |
| *Harris et al. (2019) | N = 11 | AR 18–27 M = 22.64 |
Neurofeedback: eight weeks (16 sessions). | ADHD symptoms Self-concept |
| *Hartung et al. (2022) |
N = 58 28 control group 30 treatment group |
AR 18–32 M = 22.63 |
Organizational, Time Management, and Planning (OTMP): 10 weekly group sessions and 10 weekly individual sessions (eight sessions). | Background, developmental, and demographic data ADHD symptoms ADHD domains Organizational, time-management, and planning skills |
| *LaCount et al. (2018) |
N = 27 22 intervention 15 control |
- | Organizational, Time Management, and Planning (OTMP): three weeks (1-h group sessions). |
ADHD domains GPA OTMP skills |
| *Prevatt et al. (2017) | N = 34 | AR 18–50 M = 23.56 |
Coaching: eight weeks (50-min). | Demographic information Weekly goals Level of motivation to complete weekly objectives |
| *Solanto and Scheres (2020) |
N = 38 18 ADHD 20 control |
AR 19–31 M = 23.61 AR 18–22 M = 19.85 |
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) programme: 12 weekly sessions. | ADHD symptoms Self-concept Organization Motivation Executive functioning Time-management Anxiety Depression |
| *Van der Oord et al. (2020) |
N = 58 30 intervention 28 control |
AR 17–25 | Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) programme: 6 weeks individual (1-h). | ADHD Learning strategies Depression and problem behaviour Executive functioning |