Table 1.
Cannabis-Only and Cannabis + Opioids Users Enrolled in the OAPP
| Cannabis only | Co-users | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Sample N=450 | N (%) | N (%) | |
| N=73 (16.2) | N=377 (83.8) | ||
| Attitudes & experiences | |||
| Believe cannabis use is risky | 9 (12.3) | 52 (13.8) | 0.883 |
| Believe opioid use is risky | 73 (100.0) | 335 (88.9) | 0.006 |
| Had a negative opioid experience | 47 (64.4) | 209 (55.4) | 0.199 |
| Know someone who had a negative opioid experience | 53 (72.6) | 207 (54.9) | 0.008 |
| Reason for using cannabis | <0.001 | ||
| I will use in addition to my current opioids | 0 (0.0) | 16 (4.2) | |
| To reduce my current use of opioids | 0 (0.0) | 108 (28.6) | |
| To replace and stop my use of opioids | 3 (4.1) | 113 (30.0) | |
| To avoid prescription opioid medications altogether | 70 (95.9) | 140 (37.1) | |
| Medical Conditions | |||
| Osteoarthritis | 18 (24.7) | 92 (24.4) | 1 |
| Spinal Conditions/Back Pain | 33 (45.2) | 222 (58.9) | 0.042 |
| Chronic Pain | 45 (61.6) | 249 (66.0) | 0.556 |
| Othera | 13 (17.8) | 64 (17.0) | 0.998 |
| Symptoms | |||
| Sleep problems | 31 (42.5) | 182 (48.3) | 0.434 |
| Emotional problems | 20 (27.4) | 91 (24.1) | 0.658 |
| Digestive problems | 7 (9.6) | 54 (14.3) | 0.371 |
| Pain Level (mean (SD)) | 54.9 (25.1) | 60.8 (21.4) | 0.04 |
| Demographics | |||
| Age: 65 years and older | 21 (28.8) | 121 (32.1) | 0.673 |
| Sex: Female | 29 (39.7) | 194 (51.5) | 0.088 |
| Education: College or higher degree | 34 (46.6) | 159 (42.2) | 0.571 |
| Employed | 42 (57.5) | 176 (46.7) | 0.116 |
| Financially secure | 54 (74.0) | 231 (61.3) | 0.054 |
| Type of provider who provided cannabis certification | <0.001 | ||
| General Practitioner | 28 (38.4) | 151 (40.1) | |
| Pain Specialist | 18 (24.7) | 163 (43.2) | |
| Other specialist | 27 (37.0) | 63 (16.7) | |
| Certifying physician was a routine provider | 50 (68.5) | 321 (85.1) | 0.001 |
a
Cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia.