. 2023 Jul 7;14:1209485. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1209485

Table 7.

Association of the contents of attenuated and brief intermittent psychotic symptoms with country, multi-nominal regression analysis (N = 232).

SIPS No.		Beta	SE^a	Wald (df = 1)	p^a	Exp (Beta)	95% CI; lower	95% CI; upper
England
P1B	Experiences of mind being read	−8.729	75.133	0.013	0.908	0.000	1.8 E-68	>1 Mio.
P1C	Ideas that own thoughts could become real	16.631	9,375.49	3.0 E-6	0.999	>1 Mio.	0.000	n.c.^b
P1C	Ideas that own actions would influence the surrounding	17.337	9,375.57	3.0 E-6	0.999	>1 Mio.	0.000	n.c.^b
P1C	Numbers have special meaning	−9.213	281.243	0.001	0.974	9.9 E-5	4.0 E-244	>1 Mio.
P1C	Ideas that others take over the patient's self/personality	−0.007	9,374.97	5.8 E-13	1.0	0.993	0.000	n.c.^b
P1D	Belief in fate	0.166	949.052	3.1 E-8	1.0	1.180	0.000	n.c.^b
P1C	Ideas that things in the surrounding have a special meaning (no ideas of reference)	−3.922	160.469	0.001	0.980	0.020	5.1 E-139	>1 Mio.
P1D	Hypochondriac ideas	−7.735	79.138	0.010	0.922	0.000	1.9 E-71	>1 Mio.
P1E	Ideas of being pregnant	19.408	4,433.22	1.9 E-5	0.997	>1 Mio.	0.000	n.c.^b
P1D	Identity confusion (patient thinks s/he is someone else)	−8.890	239.300	0.001	0.970	0.000	2.8 E-208	>1 Mio.
P1D	Ideas of jealousy	−0.850	260.186	1.1 E-5	0.997	0.427	1.5 E-222	>1 Mio.
P2	General mistrust	−7.705	63.615	0.015	0.904	0.000	3.2 E-58	>1 Mio.
P2	Mistrust against friends	−7.682	121.662	0.004	0.950	0.000	1.3 E-107	>1 Mio.
P2	Paranoid ideas of reference involving friends/family	2.945	1.545	3.632	0.057	19.016	0.920	393.206
P2	Ideas that others wish the patient ill	7.675	2,407.59	1.0 E-5	0.997	2,153.29	0.000	n.c.^b
P2	Ideas that others would exploit the patient	7.873	216.516	0.001	0.971	2,626.56	1.3 E-181	>1 Mio
P2	Ideas of being excluded	−9.435	84.876	0.012	0.911	7.9 E-5	4.5 E-77	>1 Mio
P2	Ideas that others intend to physically harm the patient	0.205	1.154	0.031	0.859	1.227	0.128	11.773
P3	Grandiose ideas of being a god/higher being	16.456	9,375.61	3.0 E-6	0.999	>1 Mio.	0.000	n.c.^b
P4B	Hearing sounds made by non-living objects	0.032	1.232	0.001	0.979	1.032	0.092	11.541
P4B	Hearing one's own name being called	1.122	1.133	0.980	0.322	3.070	0.333	28.295
P4	Hearing of God's voice	35.819	4,435.55	6.5 E-5	0.994	>1 Mio	0.000	n.c.^b
P4C	Sensing the presence of deceased persons	8.721	9,375.28	8.6 E-7	0.999	6,132.79	0.000	n.c.^b
P4C	Illusions of objects moving	0.166	949.052	3.1 E-8	1.0	1.180	0.000	n.c.^b
P4C	Distinct visual hallucinations	0.927	1.790	0.268	0.605	2.526	0.076	84.395
P4C	Seeing a person's shape	1.831	2.455	0.556	0.456	6.241	0.051	766.724
P4C	Confusion of persons	7.424	987.288	5.7 E-5	0.994	1,676.41	0.000	n.c.^b
P4D	Painful bodily sensation	−7.891	85.776	0.008	0.927	0.000	3.6 E-77	>1 Mio.
P4	Gustatory hallucinations	−1.665	949.054	3.0 E-6	0.999	0.189	0.000	n.c.^b
P5	Derailment (self-experienced)	−0.729	2,404.52	9.2 E-8	1.0	0.482	0.000	n.c.^b
Switzerland
P1B	Experience of mind being read	1.724	0.963	3.208	0.073	5.608	0.850	36.993
P1C	Ideas that own thoughts could become real	16.858	3,429.28	2.4 E-5	0.996	>1 Mio.	0.000	n.c.^b
P1C	Ideas that own actions would influence the surrounding	17.318	3,429.28	2.6 E-5	0.996	>1 Mio.	0.000	n.c.^b
P1C	Numbers have special meaning	−8.970	267.515	0.001	0.973	0.000	2.5 E-232	>1 Mio.
P1C	Ideas that others take over the patient's self/personality	18.390	3,429.28	2.9 E-5	0.996	>1 Mio.	0.000	n.c.^b
P1D	Belief in fate	9.136	910.101	1.0 E-4	0.992	9,283.03	0.000	n.c.^b
P1C	Ideas that things in the surrounding have a special meaning (no Ideas of reference)	0.496	154.733	1.0 E-5	0.997	1.642	3.2 E-132	>1 Mio.
P1D	Hypochondriac ideas	−7.742	77.007	0.010	0.920	0.000	1.2 E-69	>1 Mio.
P1E	Ideas of being pregnant	0.440	0.000	n.c.^b	n.c.^b	1.553	1.553	1.553
P1D	Ideas of not being a human being	−8.647	227.620	0.001	0.970	0.000	3.1 E-198	>1 Mio.
P1D	Ideas of jealousy	−0.231	322.109	5.2 E-7	0.999	0.793	5.3 E-275	>1 Mio.
P2	General mistrust	−0.093	1.475	0.004	0.949	0.911	0.051	16.417
P2	Mistrust against friends	3.492	1.820	3.682	0.055	32.860	0.928	1,163.39
P2	Paranoid ideas of reference involving friends/family	−6.268	57.825	0.012	0.914	0.002	1.1 E-52	>1 Mio.
P2	Ideas that others wish the patient ill	−3.150	2,303.20	2.0 E-6	0.999	0.043	0.000	n.c.^b
P2	Ideas that others would exploit the patient	0.583	221.665	7.0 E-6	0.998	1.792	3.7 E-189	>1 Mio.
P2	Ideas of being excluded	1.264	1.264	0.999	0.318	3.539	0.297	42.174
P2	Ideas that others intend to physically harm the patient	0.098	1.184	0.007	0.934	1.103	0.108	11.233
P3	Grandiose ideas of being a god/higher being	24.408	3„430.14	5.1 E-5	0.994	>1 Mio.	0.000	n.c.^b
P4B	Hearing sounds made by non-living objects	−8.696	43.472	0.040	0.841	0.000	1.7 E-41	>1 Mio.
P4B	Hearing one's own name being called	0.200	1.302	0.024	0.878	1.222	0.095	15.664
P4	Hearing of God's voice	−4.776	0.000	n.c.^b	n.c.^b	0.008	0.008	0.008
P4C	Sensing the presence of deceased persons	16.666	3,429.28	2.4 E-5	0.996	>1 Mio.	0.000	n.c.^b
P4C	Illusions of objects moving	9.136	910.101	1.0 E-4	0.992	9,283.03	0.000	n.c.^b
P4C	Distinct visual hallucinations	−7.292	81.549	0.008	0.929	0.001	2.6 E-73	>1 Mio.
P4C	Seeing a person's shape	−8.887	132.485	0.004	0.947	0.000	2.3 E-117	>1 Mio.
P4C	Confusion of persons	16.811	968.490	3.0 E-4	0.986	>1 Mio.	0.000	n.c.^b
P4D	Painful bodily sensation	1.447	1.245	1.351	0.245	4.251	0.370	48.804
P4	Gustatory hallucinations	18.023	919.694	3.8 E-4	0.984	>1 Mio.	0.000	n.c.^b
P5	Derailment (self-experienced)	7.732	2,304.65	1.1 E-5	0.997	2,280.62	0.000	n.c.^b
Finland
P1	Experiences of mind being read	1.055	0.965	1.197	0.274	2.873	0.434	19.029
P1C	Ideas that own thoughts could become real	−1.395	7,851.01	3.2 E-8	1.0	0.248	0.000	n.c.^b
P1C	Ideas that own actions would influence the surrounding	9.732	7,851.23	2.0 E-6	0.999	16,852.67	0.000	n.c.^b
P1C	Numbers have special meaning	−8.656	227.646	0.001	0.970	0.000	2.9 E-198	>1 Mio.
P1C	Ideas that others take over the patient's self/personality	−0.516	7,851.01	4.3 E-9	1.0	0.597	0.000	n.c.^b
P1D	Belief in fate	0.248	794.777	9.8 E-8	1.0	1.282	0.000	n.c.^b
P1C	Ideas that things in the surrounding have a special meaning (no ideas of reference)	−13.632	109.730	0.015	0.901	1.2 E-6	4.8 E-100	>1 Mio.
P1D	Hypochondriac ideas	2.099	0.865	5.889	0.015	8.155	1.497	44.415
P1E	Ideas of being pregnant	0.755	0.000	n.c.^b	n.c.^b	2.128	2.128	2.128
P1D	Ideas of not being a human being	−8.332	193.697	0.002	0.966	0.000	3.2 E-169	>1 Mio.
P1D	Ideas of jealousy	10.834	82.551	0.017	0.896	50,698.65	2.7 E-66	>1 Mio.
P2	General mistrust	1.095	1.130	0.938	0.333	2.988	0.326	27.392
P2	Mistrust against friends	−8.389	107.560	0.006	0.938	0.000	6.3 E-96	>1 Mio.
P2	Paranoid ideas of reference involving friends/family	3.042	1.563	3.787	0.052	20.938	0.979	447.988
P2	Ideas that others wish the patient ill	22.876	886.104	0.001	0.979	>1 Mio.	0.000	n.c.^b
P2	Ideas that others would exploit the patient	8.908	85.814	0.011	0.917	7,387.53	6.7 E-70	>1 Mio.
P2	Ideas of being excluded	−10.072	58.621	0.030	0.864	4.2 E-5	5.3 E-55	>1 Mio.
P2	Ideas that others intend to physically harm the patient	1.271	0.710	3.201	0.074	3.565	0.886	14.349
P3	Grandiose ideas of being a god/higher being	−3.670	7,851.01	2.2 E-7	1.0	0.025	0.000	n.c.^b
P4B	Hearing sounds made by non-living objects	0.507	1.173	0.187	0.666	1.660	0.167	16.537
P4B	Hearing one's own name being called	−7.942	45.149	0.031	0.860	0.000	1.3 E-42	>1 Mio.
P4	Hearing of God's voice	8.088	0.000	n.c.^b	n.c.^b	3,255.94	3255.94	3,255.94
P4C	Sensing the presence of deceased persons	−1.571	7,851.01	4.0 E-8	1.0	0.208	0.000	n.c.^b
P4C	Illusions of objects moving	0.248	794.777	9.8 E-8	1.0	1.282	0.000	n.c.^b
P4C	Distinct visual hallucinations	1.537	1.159	1.759	0.185	4.649	0.480	45.047
P4C	Seeing a person's shape	1.833	1.394	1.728	0.189	6.250	0.407	96.038
P4C	Confusion of persons	−6.013	800.328	5.6 E-5	0.994	0.002	0.000
P4D	Painful bodily sensation	−8.828	62.741	0.020	0.888	0.000	5.8 E-58	>1 Mio.
P4	Gustatory hallucinations	−1.584	794.778	4.0 E-6	0.998	0.205	0.000	n.c.^b
P5	Derailment (self-experienced)	14.222	879.552	2.6 E-4	0.987	>1 Mio.	0.000	n.c.^b
Italy
P1B	Experiences of mind being read	0.103	1.246	0.007	0.934	1.109	0.096	12.761
P1C	Ideas that own thoughts could become real	0.897	6,922.56	1.7 E-8	1.0	2.452	0.000	n.c.^b
P1C	Ideas that own actions would influence the surrounding	1.176	6,922.56	2.9 E-8	1.0	3.242	0.000	n.c.^b
P1C	Numbers have special meaning	2.754	1.259	4.785	0.029	15.702	1.332	185.158
P1C	Ideas that others take over the patient's self/personality	0.042	6,922.56	3.7 E-11	1.0	1.043	0.000	n.c.^b
P1D	Belief in fate	14.461	347.157	0.002	0.967	>1 Mio.	6.0 E-290	>1 Mio.
P1C	Ideas that things in the surrounding have a special meaning (no ideas of reference)	10.249	58.145	0.031	0.860	28,242.65	9.1 E-46	>1 Mio.
P1D	Hypochondriac ideas	1.834	0.863	4.518	0.034	6.257	1.154	33.935
P1E	Ideas of being pregnant	0.937	0.000	n.c.^b	n.c.^b	2.553	2.553	2.553
P1D	Ideas of not being a human being	−8.150	164.928	0.002	0.961	0.000	1.2 E-144	>1 Mio.
P1D	Ideas of jealousy	10.011	82.559	0.015	0.903	22,265.55	1.2 E-66	>1 Mio.
P2	General mistrust	−0.063	0.959	0.004	0.948	0.939	0.143	6.152
P2	Mistrust against friends	3.434	1.431	5.757	0.016	30.989	1.875	512.095
P2	Paranoid ideas of reference involving friends/family	2.096	1.504	1.942	0.163	8.135	0.427	155.110
P2	Ideas that others wish the patient ill	−3.392	1,775.52	4.0 E-6	0.998	0.034	0.000	n.c.^b
P2	Ideas that others would exploit the patient	10.650	85.809	0.015	0.901	42,203.99	3.8 E-69	>1 Mio.
P2	Ideas of being excluded	−0.176	1.461	0.014	0.904	0.839	0.048	14.694
P2	Ideas that others intend to physically harm the patient	0.895	0.731	1.499	0.221	2.448	0.584	10.262
P3	Grandiose ideas of being a god/higher being	−1.895	6,922.56	7.5 E-8	1.0	0.150	0.000	n.c.^b
P4B	Hearing sounds made by non-living objects	−0.701	0.978	0.513	0.474	0.496	0.073	3.375
P4B	Hearing one's own name being called	1.675	0.796	4.429	0.035	5.340	1.122	25.413
P4	Hearing of God's voice	−2.600	0.000	n.c.^b	n.c.^b	0.074	0.074	0.074
P4C	Sensing the presence of deceased persons	−0.061	6,922.56	7.9 E-11	1.0	0.940	0.000	n.c.^b
P4C	Illusions of objects moving	14.461	347.157	0.002	0.967	>1 Mio.	6.0 E-290	>1 Mio.
P4C	Distinct visual hallucinations	0.845	1.214	0.484	0.486	2.327	0.216	25.105
P4C	Seeing a person's shape	−18.142	89.917	0.041	0.840	1.3 E-8	3.8 E-85	>1 Mio.
P4C	Confusion of persons	0.046	356.841	1.7 E-8	1.0	1.047	1.9 E-304	>1 Mio.
P4D	Painful bodily sensation	1.745	0.904	3.731	0.053	5.728	0.975	33.665
P4	Gustatory hallucinations	32.603	358.611	0.008	0.928	>1 Mio.	8.1 E-292	n.c.^b
P5	Derailment (self-experienced)	0.093	1,775.52	2.7 E-9	1.0	1.097	0.000	n.c.^b

Reference group: Germany, GoF: $χ_{(120)}^{2}$ = 169.272; p = 0.002; Nagelkerke's R² = 0.558. ^aBootstrapping could not be conducted successfully. “Use of inadequate words” (P5) was completely redundant with “Derailment (self-experienced)” (P5) and, thus, not included in the analyses. ^bn.c., not calculable due to zero cases with present item in reference group. P1 “unusual thought content/delusional ideas” with B: section “first rank symptoms”, C: section “overvalued beliefs”, D: section “other unusual thoughts/delusional ideas”, and E: section “non-persecutory ideas of reference.” P2 “suspiciousness/persecutory ideas.” P3 “grandiose ideas.” P4 “perceptual abnormalities/hallucinations”; with B: section “auditory distortions, illusions, hallucinations”, C: section “visual distortions, illusions, hallucinations”, D: section “somatic distortions, illusions, hallucinations”, and E: section “olfactory and gustatory distortions, illusions, hallucinations.” P5 “disorganized communication.” “Use of inadequate words” and “Identity confusion” were included in the regression analysis, but due to redundancy not represented in the results by SPSS.