Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the sample.
| ITT analysis | PP analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Control (n = 15) | Cogmed (n = 17) | P | Control (n = 11) | Cogmed (n = 13) | P |
| Age (years), median (IQR) a | 63 (58–68) | 58 (47–61) | 0.17 | 65 (56–69) | 58 (47–65) | 0.05 |
| Sex (female), % c | 76.5 | 73.3 | 1.00 | 76.9 | 72.7 | 1.00 |
| Race, % d | 0.21 | 0.52 | ||||
| White | 35.3 | 60 | 46.1 | 63.6 | ||
| Black | 23.5 | 20 | 7.7 | 9.1 | ||
| Brown | 41.2 | 13.3 | 46.1 | 18.2 | ||
| Other | 0 | 6.7 | 0 | 9.1 | ||
| Education (years), median (IQR) a | 12 (12–13) | 12 (7–16) | 0.78 | 12 (12–13) | 12 (7–16) | 0.88 |
| Estimated IQ, mean ± SD b | 95 ± 7 | 96 ± 8 | 0.88 | 96 ± 7 | 98 ± 7 | 0.50 |
| Monthly income*a, median (IQR) | 5 (5–7) | 5 (2–6) | 0.20 | 5 (5–13) | 3 (2–16) | 0.09 |
| Diabetes, % c | 5.9 | 13.3 | 0.91 | 7.7 | 18.2 | 0.58 |
| Dyslipidemia, % c | 29.4 | 60 | 0.17 | 23.1 | 63.6 | 0.11 |
| Smoking, % c | 0.03 | 0.01 | ||||
| Never | 88.2 | 46.7 | 100 | 54.5 | ||
| Current | 0 | 13.3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Past | 11.8 | 40 | 0 | 45.5 | ||
| Alcohol use, % c | 0.51 | 0.32 | ||||
| Never | 29.4 | 20 | 38.5 | 18.2 | ||
| Current | 71 | 66.7 | 61.5 | 63.6 | ||
| Past | 0 | 13.3 | 0 | 18.2 | ||
| BMI (Kg/m2), median (IQR) a | 31 (30–33) | 30 (24–34) | 0.79 | 31 (27–32) | 27 (24–34) | 0.78 |
| SBP (mmHg), mean ± SD b | 151 ± 29 | 141 ± 22 | 0.28 | 149 ± 25 | 149 ± 25 | 0.85 |
| DBP (mmHg), mean ± SD b | 90 ± 16 | 86 ± 13 | 0.51 | 86 ± 11 | 90 ± 13.5 | 0.48 |
| Heart rate (bpm), mean ± SD b | 69 ± 10 | 74 ± 9.5 | 0.14 | 67 ± 11 | 74 ± 9 | 0.10 |
| Time of hypertension (years), mean ± SD b | 19.9 ± 9.3 | 17.2 ± 13.3 | 0.51 | 18.8 ± 10 | 17.7 ± 14.2 | 0.83 |
| Number of medications, mean ± SD b | 5 ± 2 | 4 ± 1.5 | 0.34 | 5 ± 2 | 4 ± 2 | 0.32 |
| Most frequently used medications, % c | ||||||
| ARB | 64.7 | 40 | 0.30 | 53.8 | 45.5 | 1.00 |
| ACE inibitors | 29.4 | 46.7 | 0.52 | 38.5 | 36.4 | 1.00 |
| Diuretics | 82.4 | 60 | 0.31 | 76.9 | 63.6 | 0.79 |
| CCB | 41.2 | 46.7 | 1.00 | 53.8 | 54.5 | 1.00 |
| BB | 47.1 | 53.3 | 1.00 | 46.2 | 45.5 | 1.00 |
| Other | 52.9 | 73.3 | 0.41 | 53.8 | 81.8 | 0.31 |
| Raw cognitive score, median (IQR) a | ||||||
| DSF from WMS-R | 6 (5–6) | 5 (4–5) | 0.07 | 6 (4.5–6) | 5 (4–6) | 0.37 |
| DSB from WMS-R | 4 (3.5–5) | 4 (3.5–5) | 0.38 | 4 (3.5–5) | 4 (3.5–4) | 0.30 |
| LNS from WAIS III | 7 (5.5–9.5) | 6 (4–7) | 0.05 | 7 (5.5–8.5) | 5 (4–6) | 0.06 |
| Immediate recall of stories A from WMS-R | 14 (11–18) | 16 (13–17) | 0.51 | 13 (11–16) | 16 (13–17) | 0.34 |
| Delayed recall of stories A from WMS-R | 9 (6.5–12) | 13 (11–14) | 0.03 | 9 (6.5–10) | 13 (10–14) | 0.04 |
| Copy of RCF | 33 (32.5–36) | 32 (27.5–36) | 0.27 | 33 (32–35) | 32 (27.5–35) | 0.16 |
| Delayed recall of RCF | 13 (11.5–17) | 15 (11.5–16.5) | 0.78 | 12 (10.5–15.5) | 15.5 (13.5–16.5) | 0.16 |
| FAS letters fluency test | 27 (23–31.5) | 27 (25–29) | 0.98 | 28 (24–34.5) | 26 (24–30) | 0.66 |
| FAB | 15 (14–16) | 14 (12–15) | 0.09 | 15 (14–16) | 14 (11–15) | 0.16 |
| MMSE | 28 (26–29) | 26 (26–28) | 0.16 | 28 (26.5–29) | 27 (26–28) | 0.41 |
ITT, intention to treat analysis. PP, per-protocol analysis. SBP, systolic blood pressure. DBP, diastolic blood pressure. BMI, body mass index. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; BB, beta-blockers; CCB, calcium channel blockers.
a
Mann–Whitney U test;
b
Student’s t-test.
c
Chi-square test.
d
Fisher exact test.
*Number of Brazil’s national minimum wages.