. 2023 Jul 14;2023:3815286. doi: 10.1155/2023/3815286

Table 4.

Comparison of knowledge, attitude, behavior, and practice score according to gender, age, year of study, and self-rated knowledge.

Gender			No.	Mean (SD)	Range	Median (Q1–Q3)	P-value
Knowledge	Gender	Male	292	5.30 (1.31)	0–8	6 (4–6)	0.90 (NS)^#
	Gender	Female	477	5.35 (1.19)	2–8	5 (5–6)	0.90 (NS)^#
	Age	<25 years	667	5.34 (1.27)	0–8	6 (4–6)	0.17 (NS)^#
	Age	>25 years	102	5.25 (1.00)	2–7	5 (5–6)	0.17 (NS)^#
	Status	UG	668	5.28 (1.29)	0–8	5 (4–6)	0.03^∗^,#
	Status	PG	101	5.63 (0.75)	5–7	5 (5–6)	0.03^∗^,#
	Year of study	Preclinical	275	5.33 (1.37)	0–8	6 (4–6)	0.27 (NS)^##
		Clinical	381	5.25 (1.25)	2–7	5 (4–6)
		Intern	113	5.57 (0.73)	5–7	5 (5–6)

Attitude	Gender	Male	292	20.76 (2.95)	14–27	21 (18–23)	0.005^∗^,#
	Gender	Female	477	21.38 (3.04)	12–30	22 (20–23.5)	0.005^∗^,#
	Age	<25 years	667	21.03 (3.08)	12–30	21 (19–23)	0.001^∗^,#
	Age	>25 years	102	21.88 (2.45)	16–25	22 (22–23)	0.001^∗^,#
	Status	UG	668	21.18 (3.12)	12–30	21 (19–23)	0.45 (NS)^#
	Status	PG	101	20.94 (2.24)	18–24	22 (18–22)	0.45 (NS)^#
	Year of study	Preclinical	275	21.49 (3.17)^a	12–30	22 (19–24)	0.003^∗^,##
		Clinical	381	20.77 (3.00)^a,b	14–28	21 (19–23)
		Intern	113	21.58 (2.50)^b	18–25	22 (18–24)

Behavior	Gender	Male	292	9.18 (2.27)	0–11	10 (9–11)	<0.001^∗^,#
	Gender	Female	477	10.03 (1.45)	5–11	11 (10–11)	<0.001^∗^,#
	Age	<25 years	667	9.62 (1.93)	0–11	10 (9–11)	0.001^∗^,#
	Age	>25 years	102	10.27 (1.03)	8–11	11 (9–11)	0.001^∗^,#
	Status	UG	668	9.63 (1.94)	0–11	10 (9–11)	0.07 (NS)^#
	Status	PG	101	10.20 (0.89)	9–11	11 (9–11)	0.07 (NS)^#
	Year of study	Preclinical	275	9.56 (2.28)^a	0–11	11 (9–11)	0.009^∗^,##
		Clinical	381	9.64 (1.68)^b	5–11	10 (9–11)
		Intern	113	10.28 (0.88)^a,b	9–11	11 (9–11)

Practice	Gender	Male	292	2.13 (0.67)	0–3	2 (2–3)	0.04^∗^,#
	Gender	Female	477	2.06 (0.48)	0–3	2 (2–2)	0.04^∗^,#
	Age	<25 years	667	2.08 (0.57)	0–3	2 (2–2)	0.18 (NS)^#
	Age	>25 years	102	2.17 (0.47)	1–3	2 (2–2)	0.18 (NS)^#
	Status	UG	668	2.05 (0.56)	0–3	2 (2–2)	<0.001^∗^,#
	Status	PG	101	2.35 (0.48)	2–3	2 (2–3)	<0.001^∗^,#
	Year of study	Preclinical	275	2.06 (0.60)^a	0–3	2 (2–2)	0.001^∗^,##
		Clinical	381	2.05 (0.55)^b	0–3	2 (2–2)
		Intern	113	2.27 (0.45)^a,b	2–3	2 (2–3)

^#Mann–Whitney U test. ^##Kruskal–Wallis Test. ^∗p < 0.05 Statistically significant, p > 0.05. NS, nonsignificant. Pairwise comparison using Mann–Whitney U test statistically significant for pairs with similar superscript – ^a,b.