Table 3.
Assessment of the methodological quality using the “Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale” for cross-sectional studies and evaluation of the validity of the questionnaire used
| Authors, year | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | Total score (out of 9) | Validity of outcome measurement instruments | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representativeness of the sample Maximum: * |
Sample size Maximum: * |
Comparability between respondents and non-respondents Maximum: * |
Control of confounders Maximum: ** |
Assessment of the outcome Maximum: ** |
Statistical test Maximum: * |
Ascertainment of the outcome measurement Maximum: * |
|||
| Braun et al. (2021 | ** | * | * | ****a | Validated in Germanb | ||||
| Capasso et al. (2016a) | ** | * | * | **** | Validated in Italianb | ||||
| Capasso et al. (2016b) | ** | * | * | **** | Validated in Italianb | ||||
| Capasso et al. (2018a) | ** | * | * | **** | Validated in Italianb | ||||
| Capasso et al. (2018b) | ** | * | * | **** | Validated in Italianc | ||||
| Chatzea et al. (2016) | ** | * | * | **** | All 3 validated in Greek and Englishc | ||||
| Espinoza-Castro et al. (2019) | ** | * | * | **** | Validated in Spanishc | ||||
| Gosselin et al. (2022) | * | * | ** | * | * | ****** | Validated in Frenchc | ||
| Martynowska et al. (2020) | * | * | * | *** | All 3 validated in original languaged | ||||
| May et al. (2021) | ** | * | * | **** | Validated in Germanc | ||||
| Nie and Lämsä (2018) | ** | * | *** | All 2 validated in Englishc | |||||
| Ramos Villagrasa and García Izquierdo (2018) | ** | * | * | **** | Validated in Spanishc | ||||
| Rhead et al. (2021) | ** | * | * | **** | All 3 validated in Englishc | ||||
| Ronda-Pérez et al. (2019) | ** | * | * | **** | Validated in Spanishc | ||||
| Sifaki-Pistolla et al. (2017) | ** | * | * | **** | Validated in Greek and Englishc | ||||
| Virga and Iliescu (2017) | ** | * | *** | MBI validated in Romanianb, MHI-5 validated in Englishd | |||||
| Wassermann and Hoppe (2019) | ** | * | * | **** | All 2 validated in Italiand | ||||
aInterpretation: 0–3 stars: low methodological quality, 4–6 stars: moderate methodological quality, 7–9: high methodological quality
bNot known if validated version was used
cValidated version was used
dAt least validated in the original language