Table 4.

Results of two-part model of factors associated with total cost of ADHD by age group

	Adults 18–30					Adults 31 +
	Logit			GLM		Logit			GLM
	Estimate	OR	p value	Estimate	p value	Estimate	OR	p value	Estimate	p value
ADHD (reference: non-ADHD)	2.22 (1.54, 2.89)	9.21	< 0.001	0.33 (0.03, 0.63)	0.029	3.35 (2.14, 4.57)	28.50	< 0.001	0.22 (0.04, 0.41)	0.018
Age	− 0.03 (− 0.05, − 0.01)	0.97	< 0.001	0.02 (− 0.00, 0.04)	0.118	0.04 (0.03, 0.04)	1.04	< 0.001	0.01 (0.00, 0.01)	< 0.001
Female (reference: male)	0.87 (0.77, 0.98)	2.39	< 0.001	0.30 (0.17, 0.43)	< 0.001	0.60 (0.53, 0.66)	1.82	< 0.001	0.03 (− 0.01, 0.08)	0.146
Race/ethnicity (reference: non-Hispanic White)
Non-Hispanic Black	− 0.64 (− 0.80, − 0.49)	0.53	< 0.001	0.26 (− 0.04, 0.56)	0.090	− 0.38 (− 0.49, − 0.27)	0.68	< 0.001	− 0.09 (− 0.15, − 0.02)	0.009
Hispanic	− 0.73 (− 0.86, − 0.60)	0.48	< 0.001	0.03 (− 0.18, 0.23)	0.785	− 0.39 (− 0.48, − 0.30)	0.68	< 0.001	− 0.20 (− 0.27, − 0.12)	< 0.001
Other	− 0.51 (− 0.70, − 0.32)	0.60	< 0.001	− 0.06 (− 0.27, 0.16)	0.604	− 0.50 (− 0.62, − 0.37)	0.61	< 0.001	− 0.24 (− 0.33, − 0.15)	< 0.001
Insurance (reference: private)
Public	− 0.12 (− 0.26, 0.02)	0.89	0.084	− 0.05 (− 0.25, 0.16)	0.655	− 0.07 (− 0.19, 0.05)	0.93	0.275	− 0.07 (− 0.12, − 0.03)	0.003
No insurance	− 1.20 (− 1.34, − 1.05)	0.30 −	< 0.001	− 0.62 (− 0.87, − 0.38)	< 0.001	− 1.37 (− 1.48, − 1.26)	0.25	< 0.001	− 0.79 (− 092, − 0.66)	< 0.001
Not currently married (reference: currently married)	− 0.40 (− 0.55, − 0.25)	0.67	< 0.001	− 0.29 (− 0.44, − 0.15)	< 0.001	− 0.15 (− 0.22, − 0.07)	0.86	< 0.001	0.08 (0.02, 0.13)	0.004
Geographic region (reference: Northeast
Midwest	0.24 (0.04, 0.43)	1.27	0.016	0.13 (− 0.06, 0.31)	0.187	0.21 (0.08, 0.33)	1.23	0.002	− 0.04 (− 0.13, 0.06)	0.469
South	− 0.09 (− 0.24, 0.07)	0.91	0.261	− 0.05 (− 0.24, 0.14)	0.622	− 0.05 (− 0.16, 0.07)	0.95	0.403	− 0.10 (− 0.17, − 0.03)	0.004
West	0.01 (− 0.15, 0.17)	1.01	0.909	0.03 (− 0.18, 0.23)	0.812	0.02 (− 0.12, 0.15)	1.02	0.807	− 0.09 (− 0.17, − 0.01)	0.023
Education (reference: Bachelor’s degree or higher)
No high school degree	− 0.62 (− 0.84, − 0.40)	0.54	< 0.001	− 0.09 (− 0.36, 0.18)	0.512	− 0.66 (− 079, − 0.54)	0.52	< 0.001	− 0.09 (− 0.18, − 0.00)	0.047
High school or GED	− 0.68 (− 0.86, − 0.50)	0.51	< 0.001	− 0.00 (− 0.17, 0.16)	0.959	− 0.52 (− 0.61, − 0.42)	0.59	< 0.001	− 0.03 (− 0.10, 0.04)	0.365
Other degree	− 0.52 (− 0.73, − 0.32)	0.59	< 0.001	− 0.05 (− 0.24, 0.15)	0.641	− 0.27 (− 0.40, − 0.14)	0.76	< 0.001	0.03 (− 0.07, 0.13)	0.530
Unknown	− 1.10 (− 1.73, − 0.47)	−	< 0.001	0.84 (0.04, 1.65)	0.040	− 1.50 (− 1.81, − 1.19)	0.22	< 0.001	0.13 (− 0.21, 0.47)	0.438
Employed (reference: unemployed)	− 0.05 (− 0.16, 0.06)	−	0.376	− 0.34 (− 0.48, − 0.20)	< 0.001	− 0.13 (− 0.23, − 0.04)	0.88	0.004	− 0.44 (− 0.50, − 0.38)	< 0.001
Poverty (reference: poor or near poor)
Low income	− 0.01 (− 0.19, 0.17)	0.99	0.906	0.07 (− 0.14, 0.29)	0.509	0.06 (− 0.05, 0.18)	1.06	0.283	− 0.10 (− 0.18, − 0.02)	0.019
Middle income	0.05 (− 0.10, 0.21)	1.05	0.502	0.01 (− 0.17, 0.19)	0.909	0.14 (0.02, 0.26)	1.15	0.022	− 0.06 (− 0.13, 0.02)	0.143
High income	0.14 (− 0.03, 0.31)	1.15	0.111	0.06 (− 0.17, 0.30)	0.589	0.12 (0.29, 0.55)	1.13	< 0.001	0.04 (− 0.05, 0.12)	0.381
Charlson comorbidity index (reference: 0)
1	1.86 (1.29, 2.44)	6.42	< 0.001	0.65 (0.31, 0.99)	< 0.001	2.49 (2.19, 2.78)	12.06	< 0.001	0.65 (0.58, 0.73)	< 0.001
2 +	3.09 (1.55, 4.62)	21.98	< 0.001	1.37 (0.76, 1.98)	< 0.001	4.41 (3.41, 5.42)	82.27	< 0.001	1.16 (1.08, 1.24)	< 0.001
Asthma	0.48 (− 0.11, 1.06)	1.62	0.112	− 0.15 (− 0.49, 0.20)	0.399	0.17 (− 0.24, 0.58)	1.19	0.427	− 0.13 (− 0.21, − 0.06)	0.001
Anxiety	1.46 (1.11, 1.82)	4.31	< 0.001	0.37 (0.20, 0.55)	< 0.001	1.60 (1.34, 1.85)	4.95	< 0.001	0.29 (0.22, 0.36)	< 0.001
Mood	1.74 (1.39, 2.09)	5.70	< 0.001	0.54 (0.37, 0.70)	< 0.001	1.36 (1.14, 1.59)	3.90	< 0.001	0.37 (0.31, 0.44)	< 0.001