Table 1.
Characteristics of participants.
| Characteristics | All (N = 254) | Periodontally healthy (n = 53) | Mild periodontitis (n = 71) | Moderate periodontitis (n = 83) | Severe periodontitis (n = 47) | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD), Median (25, 75%), or n (%) | Mean (SD), Median (25, 75%), or n (%) | Mean (SD), Median (25, 75%), or n (%) | Mean (SD), Median (25, 75%), or n (%) | Mean (SD), Median (25, 75%), or n (%) | |||
| Male | 167 (65.8%) | 35 (66.0%) | 41 (57.8%) | 59 (71.1%) | 32 (68.1%) | 0.36 | |
| Age (years) | 67.4 (12.1) | 70.8 (11.6) | 65.4 (13.2) | 66.0 (12.7) | 68.5 (8.7) | 0.06 | |
| Smoker | Never and former smoker | 212 (83.5%) | 42 (79.3%) | 60 (84.5%) | 70 (85.1%) | 40 (85.1%) | 0.84 |
| Current smoker | 42 (16.5%) | 11 (20.8%) | 11 (15.5%) | 13 (15.7%) | 7 (14.9%) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | < 18.5 | 44 (17.3%) | 7 (13.2%) | 17 (23.9%) | 8 (9.6%) | 12 (25.5%) | 0.04 |
| ≥ 18.5 | 210 (82.7%) | 46 (86.8%) | 54 (76.1%) | 75 (90.4%) | 35 (74.5%) | ||
| Original diseases | DKD | 120 (47.2%) | 34 (64.2%) | 29 (40.6%) | 33 (39.8%) | 24 (51.1%) | 0.43 |
| Nephrosclerosis | 56 (22.0%) | 9 (17.0%) | 16 (22.5%) | 22 (26.5%) | 9 (19.1%) | ||
| CGN | 52 (20.5%) | 6 (11.3%) | 16 (22.5%) | 20 (24.1%) | 10 (21.3%) | ||
| PKD | 7 (2.8%) | 1 (1.9%) | 2 (2.8%) | 2 (2.4%) | 2 (4.2%) | ||
| Other | 19 (7.5%) | 3 (5.7%) | 8 (11.3%) | 6 (7.2%) | 2 (4.2%) | ||
| HD vintage (yrs) | 5.3 (2.4, 8.9) | 4.3 (2.4, 7.0) | 5.8 (2.9, 8.7) | 5.4 (2.1, 11.2) | 5.3 (2.7, 9.8) | 0.25 | |
| Diabetes | 133 (52.4%) | 36 (67.9%) | 33 (46.5%) | 36 (43.4%) | 28 (59.6%) | 0.02 | |
| Prior CVD | 62 (24.4%) | 11 (20.8%) | 21 (29.6%) | 18 (21.7%) | 12 (25.5%) | 0.62 | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 148.9 (24.8) | 147.4 (22.1) | 145.6 (24.5) | 153.3 (24.9) | 147.7 (27.8) | 0.24 | |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.2 (15.3) | 77.3 (15.9) | 78.9 (16.0) | 80.1 (14.1) | 74.8 (15.7) | 0.28 | |
| WBC (103/μL) | 6.2 (2.1) | 6.2 (2.0) | 6.0 (2.3) | 6.1 (1.9) | 6.9 (2.1) | 0.13 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.0 (2.0) | 11.0 (0.9) | 10.5 (1.5) | 11.3 (2.8) | 11.1 (1.3) | 0.07 | |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.5 (0.4) | 3.4 (0.3) | 3.4 (0.4) | 3.5 (0.3) | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 0.12 | |
| UA (mg/dL) | 6.7 (1.4) | 7.1 (1.2) | 6.6 (1.4) | 6.8 (1.5) | 6.5 (1.4) | 0.15 | |
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 0.15 (0.05, 0.43) | 0.14 (0.05, 0.32) | 0.15 (0.04, 0.40) | 0.14 (0.04, 0.35) | 0.34 (0.09, 0.81) | 0.01 | |
| GNRI | 90.4 (6.6) | 90.4 (6.1) | 89.6 (7.7) | 91.8 (5.2) | 89.0 (7.1) | 0.08 | |
| Dental health status | |||||||
| Number of teeth | 19 (7, 25) | 0 (0, 1) | 21 (11, 26) | 22 (18, 26) | 17 (14, 23) | < 0.001 | |
| Number of occlusal pairs | 7 (0, 11) | 0 (0, 0) | 9 (2, 12) | 9 (5, 12) | 6 (1, 10) | < 0.001 | |
| Eichner classification | A | 74 (29.1%) | 4 (7.6%) | 27 (38.0%) | 33 (39.8%) | 10 (21.3%%) | < 0.001 |
| B | 109 (42.9%) | 6 (11.3%) | 31 (43.7%) | 42 (50.6%) | 30 (63.8%) | ||
| C | 71 (28.0%) | 43 (81.1%) | 13 (18.3%) | 8 (9.6%) | 7 (14.9%) | ||
| Edentulous | 39 (15.4%) | 39 (72.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | < 0.001 | |
| PPD ≥ 7 mm (%)** | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 1.8) | < 0.001 | |
| PPD 4–6 mm (%)** | 2.9 (0.5, 9.4) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 1.1) | 4.3 (2.4 8.0) | 16.7 (9.8, 35.1) | < 0.001 | |
| PPD ≤ 3 mm (%)** | 97.0 (90.6, 99.5) | 100.0 (100.0, 100.0) | 100 (98.9, 100.0) | 95.7 (92.0, 97.6) | 80.2 (62.1, 90.2) | < 0.001 | |
| BOP (%)** | 7.6 (3.1, 19.0) | 3.1 (0.7, 4.3) | 4.3 (1.9, 11.8) | 8.8 (4.3, 20.4) | 15.9 (8.0, 39.5) | < 0.001 | |
SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, DKD diabetic kidney disease, CGN chronic glomerulonephritis, PKD polycystic kidney disease, HD hemodialysis, CVD cardiovascular disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, WBC white blood cells, Hb hemoglobin, UA uric acid, hsCRP high sensitivity c-reactive protein, PPD probing pocket depth, BOP bleeding on probing.
*ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis test, or Fisher's exact test.
**n = 215 (excluding edentulous individuals).