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. 2023 Jul 21;13:11816. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37823-5

Table 4.

Effect of organic and inorganic amendments on soil chemical properties after three years of amendment and cultivation of rice–wheat cropping system.

Treatments T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 LSD (P = 0.05)
pH (1:2) 9.1 ± 0.02 8.6 ± 0.01 9.0 ± 0.01 9.0 ± 0.02 8.7 ± 0.01 8.5 ± 0.01 0.21
EC2 (dS m−1) 0.83 ± 0.11 0.49 ± 0.12 0.70 ± 0.11 0.56 ± 0.13 0.48 ± 0.12 0.47 ± 0.11 0.10
ESP 47 ± 1.52 38 ± 1.23 42 ± 2.12 42 ± 2.11 40 ± 1.23 35 ± 1.42 3.36
OC (g kg−1) 3.10 ± 0.12 3.20 ± 0.11 3.20 ± 0.11 3.40 ± 0.11 3.70 ± 0.12 3.90 ± 0.11 0.14
Available N (kg ha−1) 123.5 ± 2.23 144.6 ± 2.36 140.2 ± 3.12 141.3 ± 2.26 153.3 ± 3.11 155.2 ± 3.12 2.23
Available P (kg ha−1) 16.60 ± 2.10 17.45 ± 1.53 18.23 ± 2.22 18.06 ± 1.63 21.20 ± 2.21 23.75 ± 2.11 1.51
Available K (kg ha−1) 246.1 ± 4.63 287.2 ± 4.52 301.3 ± 3.26 315.6 ± 6.23 327.6 ± 2.22 332.7 ± 2.22 8.23
Ca++ (meq l−1) 3.62 ± 0.01 6.20 ± 0.12 3.75 ± 0.11 4.20 ± 0.11 4.62 ± 0.12 5.75 ± 0.11 0.54
Mg++ (meq l−1) 3.00 ± 0.11 3.75 ± 0.06 3.37 ± 0.23 3.75 ± 0.12 5.35 ± 0.11 5.37 ± 0.26 1.12
Na+ (ppm) 296.16 ± 2.63 248.86 ± 4.23 289.81 ± 3.86 296.16 ± 4.52 271.66 ± 6.12 269.28 ± 4.23 12.21
K+ (ppm) 3.14 ± 0.001 2.74 ± 0.012 2.44 ± 0.013 3.21 ± 0.012 3.21 ± 0.012 4.37 ± 0.011 0.46

The values are mean ± SE of four replications.

T1—control (no amendments), T2—gypsum @ 50% G.R., T3—un-enriched MSW compost @ 10 t ha−1, T4—enriched MSW compost @ 10 t ha−1, T5—gypsum @ 25% G.R. + un-enriched MSW compost @ 10 t ha−1, T6—gypsum @ 25% G.R. + enriched MSW compost @ 10 t ha−1.

pH2 and EC2 soil and water suspension ratio of 1:2, OC organic carbon, ESP exchangeable sodium percentage, LSD least significant difference.