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. 2023 Jul 21;13:11774. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38818-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative image demonstrating the microscopic measurements. The landmarks for the measurements, i.e. cementum-enamel junction (CEJ), alveolar bone height (ABH) and apical end of defect, are marked with straight dashed lines. For the principal measurements, the lengths of root plane surface (RPL), epithelial downgrowth (DG), cementum regeneration (CM) and periodontal ligament regeneration (PDL) are represented with arrows. The bone angle (BA) is the angle between the RPL and the surface of the regenerated alveolar bone, represented with dotted lines. The region of interest (ROI) for quantitative bone histomorphometry is represented with a yellow-shaded box.