Fig. 2. Intestinal Organoids as models for IBD research.

Intestinal organoids can be used for intestinal development and IBD disease modeling, drug/toxicity testing, and host-pathogen interaction studies. In cultures of intestinal organoids from IBD patients, we can add multiple growth factors, cytokines, or drug molecules to modulate the culture environment, add autoimmune cells for co-culture, or digest into single cells. The functions can evaluate by phenotypic analysis, drug screening, qRT-PCR, single cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, imaging, ELISA, and other kinds of indicators.