Table 2.
Physicochemical properties, skin color, and textural properties of chitosan-coated North American pawpaw (Asimina triloba) fruits of the Sunflower cultivar during a 25-day storage at 6 °C.
| Treatment | Day | pH | Titratable Acidity (mg of acetic acid/100 ml) | Total soluble solids (Brix) | Moisture loss (%) | L* | a* | b* | Chroma | ΔE | Hardness (kg) | Cohesiveness ratio (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control |
0 | 6.53 ± 0.22 aABC | 85.41 ± 4.62 bABCD | 18.49 ± 1.05 Aa | 0.00 ± 0.00 cF | 45.65 ± 0.98 aABCDE | −7.26 ± 1.55 bAB | 24.09 ± 0.59 aABCD | 25.36 ± 0.90 aABCDE | 0.00 ± 0.00 cC | 4.2 ± 0.4 abABC | 24.90 ± 2.02 aEF |
| 5 | 6.43 ± 0.04 aABC | 106.76 ± 16.67 abAB | 19.40 ± 0.46 aA | 5.04 ± 0.74 bBC | 35.28 ± 3.74 bDEF | 0.76 ± 1.37 aAB | 12.11 ± 5.43 bDEF | 12.59 ± 4.92 bDEF | 18.08 ± 5.79 bABC | 4.6 ± 0.4 aA | 21.99 ± 1.87 aF | |
| 10 | 6.28 ± 0.04 aABCD | 93.41 ± 16.67 abABC | 19.07 ± 1.11 aA | 6.01 ± 0.88 abAb | 31.13 ± 1.23 bcEF | 2.91 ± 0.46 aA | 5.65 ± 0.12 bcEF | 6.89 ± 0.06 bcEF | 25.79 ± 0.81 abAB | 3.5 ± 0.3 bcABCDEF | 27.83 ± 3.13 aDEF | |
| 15 |
5.67 ± 0.20 bD |
122.77 ± 4.62 aA |
19.48 ± 1.17 aA |
7.39 ± 1.35 aA |
27.42 ± 0.61 cF |
2.99 ± 0.25 aA |
0.91 ± 0.93 cF |
3.48 ± 0.64 cF |
31.36 ± 2.00 aA |
2.8 ± 0.4 cDEFG |
27.68 ± 3.26 aDEF |
|
| 1% Chitosan |
0 | 6.71 ± 0.05 aAB | 80.07 ± 24.02 aBCDE | 20.09 ± 0.47 aA | 0.00 ± 0.00 dF | 60.04 ± 0.53 aA | −8.65 ± 1.25 Aab | 37.77 ± 3.42 aA | 39.52 ± 2.67 aA | 0.00 ± 0.00 bC | 4.3 ± 0.3 aAB | 32.22 ± 4.39 bABCDEF |
| 5 | 6.64 ± 0.09 aAB | 61.39 ± 20.15 aCDEF | 19.52 ± 3.73 aA | 1.64 ± 0.41 cEF | 54.63 ± 2.80 aABC | −7.26 ± 6.24 aAB | 34.27 ± 2.37 aAB | 35.47 ± 2.51 aAB | 11.42 ± 0.71 abABC | 3.8 ± 0.9 abABCD | 31.32 ± 5.01 bBCDEF | |
| 10 | 6.49 ± 0.13 aABC | 48.04 ± 8.01 aDEF | 18.63 ± 0.50 aA | 1.64 ± 0.41 cEF | 50.73 ± 5.55 aABCD | −5.14 ± 7.85 aAB | 29.80 ± 4.05 aABCD | 30.91 ± 5.26 aABCD | 16.36 ± 3.53 abABC | 3.3 ± 0.4 abcBCDEF | 31.97 ± 2.24 bABCDEF | |
| 15 | 6.70 ± 0.19 aAB | 40.03 ± 13.87 aF | 20.18 ± 1.87 aA | 2.58 ± 0.45 bDE | 47.93 ± 8.91 aABCDE | −3.79 ± 8.25 aAB | 25.06 ± 7.89 aABCD | 26.20 ± 9.11 aABCD | 22.19 ± 8.30 abABC | 3.0 ± 0.5 abcCDEF | 40.10 ± 4.47 abAB | |
| 20 | 6.54 ± 0.35 aABC | 58.72 ± 12.23 aCDEF | 18.40 ± 1.61 aA | 2.81 ± 0.17 bDE | 41.93 ± 13.39 aBCDEF | −1.13 ± 9.21 aAB | 19.14 ± 13.57 aBCDEF | 20.54 ± 14.11 aBCDEF | 30.25 ± 16.62 abAB | 2.4 ± 0.5 bcEFG | 42.34 ± 1.11 abA | |
| 25 |
5.94 ± 0.07 bCD |
50.71 ± 4.62 aDEF |
19.78 ± 0.53 aA |
3.97 ± 0.23 aCD |
39.84 ± 12.35 aCDEF |
0.64 ± 6.55 aAB |
14.94 ± 13.23 aCDEF |
16.13 ± 12.99 aCDEF |
33.75 ± 17.11 aA |
2.3 ± 0.1 cFG |
38.27 ± 2.60 aABC |
|
| 2% Chitosan | 0 | 6.78 ± 0.21 abA | 53.38 ± 12.23 aDEF | 19.40 ± 1.21 aA | 0.00 ± 0.00 cF | 58.24 ± 1.84 aAB | −12.16 ± 1.36 bB | 35.37 ± 3.20 aAB | 37.50 ± 2.63 aAB | 0.00 ± 0.00 cC | 4.1 ± 0.2 aABC | 28.83 ± 1.65 bCDEF |
| 5 | 6.66 ± 0.43 abAB | 42.70 ± 12.23 aEF | 19.81 ± 1.34 aA | 1.43 ± 0.37 bEF | 55.66 ± 1.50 aABC | −10.15 ± 3.43 abAB | 34.41 ± 3.42 aAB | 36.11 ± 2.57 aAB | 6.81 ± 1.76 bcBC | 3.7 ± 0.5 abABCDE | 27.05 ± 1.95 bDEF | |
| 10 | 6.56 ± 0.23 abABC | 42.70 ± 9.25 aEF | 18.66 ± 1.06 aA | 1.43 ± 0.37 bEF | 54.05 ± 0.46 abABC | −6.31 ± 4.01 abAB | 32.68 ± 1.53 abABC | 34.04 ± 0.74 aABC | 9.92 ± 4.71 bcABC | 2.6 ± 0.2 bcDEFG | 34.92 ± 0.66 abABCDE | |
| 15 | 6.89 ± 0.22 aA | 32.03 ± 13.87 aF | 18.91 ± 2.97 aA | 2.57 ± 0.42 abDE | 50.49 ± 2.78 abABCD | −6.09 ± 4.97 abAB | 28.91 ± 1.61 abABCD | 29.92 ± 2.40 abABCD | 13.21 ± 7.43 abcABC | 2.8 ± 0.6 cdDEFG | 40.95 ± 6.12 aAB | |
| 20 | 6.40 ± 0.39 abABC | 37.37 ± 4.62 aF | 18.71 ± 0.82 aA | 3.70 ± 0.62 aCD | 45.21 ± 6.06 bcABCDE | −2.85 ± 4.85 abAB | 21.99 ± 7.42 bcABCDE | 22.70 ± 7.74 bcABCDE | 21.35 ± 12.77 abABC | 2.2 ± 0.1 cdFG | 35.47 ± 5.72 abABCD | |
| 25 | 6.08 ± 0.06 bBCD | 48.04 ± 0.20 aDEF | 18.74 ± 0.91 aA | 3.70 ± 0.62 aCD | 39.51 ± 4.76 cCDEF | 0.08 ± 3.69 aAB | 13.77 ± 5.17 cDEF | 14.80 ± 4.64 cDEF | 31.25 ± 10.27 aA | 1.7 ± 0.1 dG | 36.33 ± 2.79 abABCD |
Control fruits showed the presence of mold growth on the fruit skin after day 15, hence, they were not analyzed after day 15.
Means for the parameters in each treatment that do not share a superscript are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05.
Lowercase superscripts represent statistical differences within treatment groups for the respective treatments and uppercase superscripts represent statistical differences between all treatment groups at p ≤ 0.05.