Table 2.
Bivariate tests for differences between hospice family caregivers based on caregiver distance from hospice care-recipient.
| Co-residing Hospice Family Caregivers (N=291) | Local Hospice Family Caregivers Less than 1 hour away from hospice care-recipient (N=199) |
Distance Hospice Family Caregivers More than 1 hour away from hospice care-recipient (N=28) |
P-value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Caregiver Sex | ||||
| Female | 193 (79%) | 140 (79%) | 18 (75%) | 0.896 |
| Male | 51 (21%) | 38 (21%) | 6 (25%) | |
| Caregiver Age (years) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 59.9 (12.1) | 56.2 (11.2) | 53.9 (13.5) | <0.001 |
| Median [Min, Max] | 61.0 [24.0, 85.0] | 58.0 [26.0, 94.0] | 54.5 [22.0, 78.0] | |
| Caregiver Race | ||||
| White | 186 (78%) | 127 (72%) | 22 (92%) | 0.27 |
| Black or African American | 45 (19%) | 40 (23%) | 2 (8%) | |
| Other | 9 (4%) | 9 (5%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Caregiver Marital Status | ||||
| Married or Partnered | 199 (69%) | 119 (60%) | 20 (71%) | 0.21 |
| Single, never partnered | 42 (14%) | 34 (17%) | 5 (18%) | |
| Divorced or Separated | 21 (7%) | 28 (14%) | 1 (4%) | |
| Widowed | 27 (9%) | 14 (7%) | 2 (7%) | |
| Other | 1 (0%) | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Caregiver Education | ||||
| High school or less | 69 (24%) | 36 (18%) | 4 (14%) | 0.109 |
| Some college | 99 (34%) | 58 (29%) | 6 (21%) | |
| College undergraduate degree or higher | 122 (42%) | 104 (52%) | 18 (64%) | |
| Other | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Caregiver Employment Status | ||||
| Not working | 156 (54%) | 67 (34%) | 9 (32%) | <0.001 |
| Working | 131 (46%) | 130 (66%) | 19 (68%) | |
| Caregiver Self-reported Physical Health | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 6.59 (2.24) | 6.51 (2.14) | 7.86 (1.98) | 0.007 |
| Median [Min, Max] | 7.00 [0, 10.0] | 7.00 [0, 10.0] | 9.00 [4.00, 10.0] | |
| Care-recipient Days on Hospice | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 21.4 (11.8) | 22.7 (12.7) | 19.3 (7.47) | 0.263 |
| Median [Min, Max] | 17.0 [0, 79.0] | 20.0 [7.00, 78.0] | 16.5 [12.0, 41.0] | |
| Hospice Care-Recipient Residence | ||||
| Private residence | 282 (97%) | 124 (62%) | 15 (54%) | <0.001 |
| Nursing home | 3 (1%) | 56 (28%) | 8 (29%) | |
| Other | 6 (2%) | 19 (10%) | 5 (18%) | |
| Caregiver Score on Caregiver-Centered Communication Questionnaire (CCCQ) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 122 (22.9) | 116 (23.9) | 117 (20.1) | 0.002 |
| Median [Min, Max] | 123 [30.0, 150] | 115 [30.0, 150] | 116 [85.0, 150] | |
1
P values were derived from Chi-square tests for all categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis tests for all continuous variables.