Table 2:
Multivariate logistic regression analyses of ante-, peri-, and Neonatal variables for association with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in Children age 18 to 30 months
| Variables | β (SE) | OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antenatal period | |||
| History of miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth (Yes/No) | 1.5 (0.13) | 6.5 (5.1–8.2)c | 4.5 (3.4–5.8)c |
| Children conceived by assisted reproduction technologies (Yes/No) | 1.18 (0.39) | 8.3 (4.6–15.0)c | 3.3 (1.5–7.0)b |
| Having cold, flu or acquiring virus during pregnancy (Yes/No) | 0.59 (0.2) | 3.7 (2.7–5.1)c | 1.8 (1.2–2.7)b |
| Having gestational diabetes, toxemia, high blood pressure or preeclampsia during pregnancy (Yes/No) | 2.04 (0.4) | 10.4 (5.4–20.0)c | 7.7 (3.5–16.9)c |
| Having stress or mental disorders during pregnancy | 1.42 (0.29) | 16.2 (11.0–24.0)c | 4.1 (2.4–7.3)c |
| Contacting with chemical toxic or second-hand smoke | 0.2 (0.2) | 2.5 (1.8–3.4)b | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) |
| Perinatal period | |||
| Mode of delivery (Assisted delivery/Normal) | 0.5 (0.13) | 1.9 (1.5–2.4)c | 1.6 (1.3–2.1)c |
| Time of active labour (Abnormal/Normal) | 0.53 (0.28) | 3.0 (1.9–4.9)c | 1.7 (0.9–2.9) |
| Full-term childbirth (Preterm/Full-term) | 0.26 (0.17) | 3.6 (2.7–4.9)c | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) |
| Birthweight (Low-birth weight/Normal) | −0.1 (0.29) | 2.6 (1.7–3.9)c | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) |
| Perinatal asphyxia (Yes/No) | 0.71 (0.39) | 5.6 (3.3–9.8)c | 2 (0.9 – 4.3) |
| Neonatal period | |||
| Neonatal jaundice (Yes/No) | 0.56 (0.27) | 7.0 (4.7 – 10.4)c | 1.7 (1.1–2.9)a |
| Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (Yes/No) | 1.82 (0.33) | 27.6 (18–42.4)c | 6.2 (3.3–11.7)c |
| Neonatal seizures (Yes/No) | 2.11 (0.21) | 16.4 (12.0–22.5)c | 8.2 (5.5–12.3)c |
*:
result from multivariate logistic regression, in which
a:
represents statistically significant at P<0.05;
b:
represents statistically significant at P<0.01;
c:
represents statistically significant at P<0.001