Table 1.
The sociodemographic and clinical data of PD and HC.
| PD (n = 80) |
HC (n = 40) |
p | t | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
| Age (years old) | 61.36 | 10.44 | 61.65 | 8.54 | 0.881 | −0.15 |
| Disease duration (months) | 16.69 | 13.40 | – | – | ||
| Age at onset | 59.96 | 10.40 | – | – | ||
| Gender (Male:Female) | 37:43 | – | 21:19 | – | 0.522 | 0.642 |
| Educational Years | 8.77 | 4.20 | 8.88 | 4.42 | 0.904 | −0.12 |
| UPDRS I | 2.01 | 1.90 | – | – | ||
| UPDRS II | 6.18 | 3.68 | – | – | ||
| UPDRS III | 26.13 | 12.09 | – | – | ||
| H–Y stage | 1.58 | 0.61 | – | – | ||
| Tremor score (T) | 0.55 | 0.47 | – | – | ||
| Akinetic-Rigid score (AR) | 0.95 | 0.47 | – | – | ||
| T/AR | 0.81 | 0.95 | – | – | ||
| self-perceptive olfactorya | 48:31:1 | – | – | – | ||
| Actual olfactorya | 3:39:38 | – | – | – | ||
| MMSE | 24.28 | 4.01 | 25.98 | 2.95 | 0.019 | −2.38 |
| MoCA | 18.33 | 5.80 | 23.68 | 4.49 | <0.001 | −5.11 |
| HAMA | 11.26 | 7.64 | 5.55 | 4.5 | <0.001 | 4.36 |
| HAMD | 12.48 | 9.18 | 7.95 | 6 | 0.006 | 2.82 |
Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson's disease; HC, healthy controls; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; H–Y stage, Hoehn-Yahr Stage; HAMA, Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Exam; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
a
data is shown as euosmia: hyposmia: anosmia.