REAGENT or RESOURCE	SOURCE	IDENTIFIER
Antibodies
H3S10p (IF, 1:5000)	Santa Cruz Biotechnology	Cat# sc-8656-R; RRID: AB_653256
SYCP3 (IF, 1:200)	Abcam	Cat# ab97672; RRID: AB_10678841
CAP-H (IF, 1:100)	Proteintech	Cat# 11515-1-AP; RRID: AB_2150003
KCTD19-M (IF, 1:100; WB, 1:2000)	This study	Customized production by ABclonal (China)
KCTD19-N (WB, 1:2000), not suitable for IF staining	This study	Customized production by ABclonal (China)
GFP (WB, 1:3000)	Abmart	Cat# M20004; RRID: AB_2619674
β-actin (WB, 1:6000)	Abcam	Cat# ab8227; RRID: AB_2305186
GAPDH (WB, 1:2000)	Millipore	Cat# MAB374; RRID: AB_2107445
Goat Anti-Mouse IgG1, Alexa Fluor 488 Conjugated (IF, 1:100)	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# A-21121; RRID: AB_2535764
Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L), Alexa Fluor 555 Conjugated (IF, 1:200)	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# A-31572; RRID: AB_162543
HRP Donkey anti-rabbit IgG (WB, 1:10000)	BioLegend	Cat# 406401; RRID: AB_2099368
HRP Goat anti-mouse IgG (WB, 1:10000)	BioLegend	Cat# 405306; RRID: AB_315009
Bacterial and virus strains
Trans5α Chemically Competent Cell	TransGen Biotech	Cat# CD201
Biological samples
Paraffin-embedded human testicular tissue blocks	This study	N/A
Frozen human peripheral blood samples	This study	N/A
Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins
RNAiso Plus	TaKaRa	Cat# 9109
Bouin’s solution	Sigma	Cat# HT10132
Triton X-100	Sigma	Cat# T9284
Lectin PNA, Alexa Fluor 568 Conjugate	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# L32458
Normal rabbit IgG	Cell Signaling Technology	Cat# 2729S
VECTASHIELD Antifade Mounting Medium	Vector Laboratories	Cat# H-1000
Hoechst 33342	Invitrogen	Cat# H3570
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium with high glucose	HyClone	Cat# SH30022.01
Fetal Bovine Serum	Gibco	Cat# 16000044
Penicillin-Streptomycin	Gibco	Cat# 15140122
PMSF Protease Inhibitor	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# 36978
Critical commercial assays
FlexiGene DNA Kit	QIAGEN	Cat# 51206
TIANScript II RT kit	TIANGEN	Cat# KR107
PrimeSTAR® HS DNA Polymerase	TaKaRa	Cat# R044A
FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master Mix	Roche	Cat# 04913850001
Lipofectamine® 3000	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat# L3000008
Oligonucleotides
sgRNAs and primers used in this study are listed in Table S3	This study	N/A
Experimental models: Cell lines
HEK293T	ATCC	Cat# CRL-3216; RRID: CVCL_0063
Experimental models: Organisms/strains
Mouse: C57BL/6N	Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co.	Strain Code: 213
Mouse: ICR	Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co.	Strain Code: 201
Mouse: Kctd19m1/m1	This paper	N/A
Mouse: Kctd19m2/m2	This paper	N/A
Software and algorithms
Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant (SIFT)	SIFT	RRID:SCR_012813 https://sift.bii.a-star.edu.sg/
PolyPhen-2	PolyPhen-2	RRID:SCR_013189 http://genetics.bwh.harvard.edu/pph2/
MutationTaster	MutationTaster	RRID:SCR_010777 http://www.mutationtaster.org/
MutationAssessor	MutationAssessor	RRID:SCR_005762 https://mutationassessor.org/
FATHMM	FATHMM	http://fathmm.biocompute.org.uk/
GERP++	GERP++	RRID:SCR_000563 http://mendel.stanford.edu/SidowLab/downloads/gerp/
SiPhy	SiPhy	RRID:SCR_000564 https://portals.broadinstitute.org/genome_bio/siphy/
PedMiner	PedMiner	https://mcg.ustc.edu.cn/bsc/pedminer/
BCFtools/RoH	BCFtools/RoH	https://samtools.github.io/bcftools/howtos/roh-calling.html
NIS-elements Basic Research	Nikon	RRID: SCR_002776
CellSens	Olympus	RRID: SCR_014551
GraphPad Prism	GraphPad	RRID: SCR_002798