Fig. 1.

Physiology and pathophysiology of cellular senescence. Senescence is a normal process during aging and embryo development as a physiological state (Spring green). It plays a critical role in disease prevention or recovery by recruiting immune cells to maintain tissue homeostasis, initiate tissue repair and remodeling, and limit tumor progression (Deep sky blue). Senescence can also contributes to generate pro-inflammatory microenvironment, supporting tumor development, and promote chronic inflammation during aging and multiple age-related disease (Light salmon).