Skip to main content
. 2023 Jul 6;9(7):e18002. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18002

Table 3.

Analysis of discriminant validity.

1___ 2___ 3___ 4___ 5___ 6___ 7___ 8___ 9___ 10___
1. Control environment N/A
2. Risk assessment 0.81** N/A
3. Control activities 0.71** 0.75** N/A
4. Information and communication 0.74** 0.75** 0.74** N/A
5. Monitoring 0.78** 0.78** 0.77** 0.86** N/A
6. Operation 0.35** 0.38** 0.33** 0.44** 0.46** 0.81
7. Financial reporting 0.24** 0.27** 0.26** 0.31** 0.32** 0.69** 0.76
0.86
8. Compliance 0.21** 0.19** 0.17** 0.20** 0.25** 0.58** 0.54** 0.80
0.70 0.70
9. Organizational mindfulness 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.09* 0.05 0.19** 0.19** 0.22** 0.73
0.21 0.23 0.26
10. Organizational ethical behaviors 0.15** 0.19** 0.17** 0.20** 0.18** 0.42** 0.38** 0.35** 0.08* 0.74
0.48 0.46 0.41 0.10

Notes: Bold diagonal number: square root of AVE; N/A: AVE is not applicable for formative constructs; 1st value = Bootstrapped correlation between variables (off-diagonal); 2nd value (italic) = Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio; *, **: correlations significant at 5% and 1% levels respectively (two-tailed t-test).