Eco-hydrological modeling of soil wetting pattern dimensions under drip irrigation systems

. 2023 Jul 9;9(7):e18078. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18078

Performance indicator	Range	Optimal Value
$M A E = \frac{1}{N} \| \sum_{i = 1}^{N} ({W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{F o r e a s t e d, i} - {W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{M e a s u r e d, i}) \|$	0 to ∞	0
$R M S E = {(\frac{1}{N} \sum_{i = 1}^{N} {({W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{F o r e a s t e d, i} - {W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{M e a s u r e d, i})}^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$	0 to ∞	0
$C E = 1 - \frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{N} {({W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{M e a s u r e d, i} - {W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{F o r e a s t e d, i})}^{2}}{\sum_{i = 1}^{N} {({W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{M e a s u r e d, i} - \overline{{W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{M e a s u r e d, i}})}^{2}}$	−∞ to 1	1
$R^{2} = \frac{{[\sum_{i = 1}^{n} ({W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{M e a s u r e d, i} - \overline{{W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{M e a s u r e d, i}}) \sum_{i = 1}^{n} ({W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{F o r e a s t e d, i} - \overline{{W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{F o r e a s t e d, i}})]}^{2}}{\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} {({W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{M e a s u r e d, i} - \overline{{W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{M e a s u r e d, i}})}^{2} \sum_{i = 1}^{n} {({W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{F o r e a s t e d, i} - \overline{{W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{F o r e a s t e d, i}})}^{2}}{{W e t t i n g F r o n t}_{M e a s u r e d, i}}}}$	0 to1	1