Fig. 9.

Time- and dose-response curves of T. spiralis muscle larvae (a) and adult worms (b) against % parasite mortality when exposed to ZnAl-LDH-V₁₀O₂₈ nanohybrid for 36 h. Rate of killing of muscle larvae and adult worms of T. spiralis (c) using different dosages of ZnAl-LDH-V₁₀O₂₈ nanohybrid. % Mortality of T. spiralis muscle larvae and adult worms (d) using 150 μg/ml concentration of ZnAl-LDH-NO₃ sample and V₁₀O₂₈ solution in comparison to 150 μg/ml ZnAl-LDH-V₁₀O₂₈ hybrid sample after 36 h of incubation. For comparative reference, the % mortality as well as the rate of killing of different T. spiralis developmental stages using ALB drug at concentration of 30 μg/ml are indicated. Note that the bars show the range of dead worms percentages in the examined experiments.