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. 2023 Jun 28;26(7):107237. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107237

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Characterization of light-responsive retinal organoids

(A) Schematic presentation of the differentiation protocol.

(B) Expression of OPN1SW, OPN1MW, OPN1LW, RHODOPSIN, and retina-specific miR-96-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-183-5p during retinal organoid differentiation, as determined by RT-qPCR (n = 3).

(C) Expression of NeuN, PKCalpha, Rhodopsin, S-Opsin, and CRALBP, as demonstrated using immunofluorescence staining. Scale bars = 20 μm.

(D) Raster plots (top panels), firing rate histograms (bottom panels, bin size = 1 s) from RGCs which showed a 25% increase (ON responses) or decrease (OFF responses) in spiking activity in the presence of pulsed light or 100 μM 8-br-cGMP. In the raster plot, each small vertical bar indicates the time stamp of a spike, where each row represents a different RGC. The rate histogram illustrates the number of spikes per defined time window (here 1 s) divided by the total number of RGCs. The left half illustrates the activity before stimulus onset and, separated by the red line, the right half the activity when the organoids are exposed to pulsed light or 100 μM 8-br-cGMP.