Table 1.
Cohort information
| Groupa | Discovery (2012–2013)b |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total no. | Mean age, yr. (SD) | No. (%) of: |
|||
| Females | Males | NRf | |||
| VL | 190 | 25.7 (17.8) | 68 (36) | 111 (58) | 11 (6) |
| ASYMPg | 177 | 36.5 (17.8) | 104 (59) | 58 (33) | 15 (8) |
| ECh | 130 | 36.0 (18.3) | 80 (62) | 29 (22) | 21 (16) |
| NCi | 47 | 30.6 (10.9) | 19 (40) | 16 (34) | 12 (26) |
| Validation (2018)b |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total no. | Mean age, yr. (SD) | No. (%) of: |
|||
| Females | Males | NRf | |||
| VL | 21 | 42.7 (15.7) | 2 (10) | 19 (90) | 0 (0) |
| ASYMPg | 52 | 39.3 (14.0) | 39 (75) | 13 (25) | 0 (0) |
| ECh | 32 | 34.6 (10.6) | 20 (63) | 12 (37) | 0 (0) |
| NCi | 12 | 32.3 (10.5) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) | 0 (0) |
| Dayd | Treated VL patient plasmac |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total no. | Mean age, yr. (SD) | No. (%) of: |
|||
| Females | Males | NRf | |||
| 0 | 23 | 33.7 (12.6) | 10 (44) | 9 (39) | 4(17) |
| 5 | 22 | 33.7 (13.0) | 9 (41) | 9 (41) | 4 (18) |
| 90 | 19 | 35.3 (13.5) | 7 (37) | 8 (42) | 4 (21) |
| 180 | 12 | 33.5 (11.0) | 6 (50) | 4 (33) | 2 (17) |
| Clinical severitye |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total no. | Mean age, yr. (SD) | No. (%) of: |
|||
| Females | Males | NRf | |||
| U-VL | 49 | 25.8 (17.9) | 68 (36) | 110 (58) | 11 (6) |
| C-VL | 82 | 29.1 (9.1) | 17 (38) | 16 (35) | 12 (27) |
Serum sample-groups: healthy individuals from a non-endemic area (NC) living in Ribeirão Preto – São Paulo, southeast of Brazil, healthy individuals from an endemic area (EC), asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals, and active Visceral Leishmaniasis patients (VL) living in Teresina – Piauí or Aracajú – Sergipe, regions from the northeast of Brazil.
The discovery cohort was collected in 2012–2013. The VL samples from this cohort were collected from both regions as indicated above. The validation cohort was collected in 2018, with VL samples from Teresina only.
Plasma samples for a longitudinal study from Visceral Leishmaniasis patients (VL) living in Teresina – Piauí or Aracajú – Sergipe, regions from the northeast of Brazil and collected during the same period as the discovery cohort.
The table is showing the number of days (0, 5, 90, 180) after the beginning of treatment.
The clinical severity of Visceral Leishmaniasis is separated into categories: U-VL uncomplicated; C-VL with complications that require the use of additional therapy to treat the patient, which include antibiotics or blood products, with hemorrhage and increased risk of death, according to laboratory data.
NR means individuals whose sex or age has not been registered.
The asymptomatic individuals were identified by positive tests according to literature.26,38 The same methods were applied to identify controls as.
Healthy individuals from an endemic area.
Healthy individuals from a non-endemic area through negative result.