Figure 3.

NS neutralization in the eyes induces microglial activation in healthy and glaucomatous animal retinas

(A) Microglia analysis of retinal sections, showing representative photomicrographs indicating ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) immunostaining patterns in retinal cross-sections from control and IgG- and anti-NS-injected eyes of WT mice. Detailed images of microglia activation in the retina treated with anti-NS are shown in the right panel. (B) Analysis of IBA1 immunoreactivity following 8 weeks of IgG or anti-NS treatment showed a significant increase in IBA1 immunoreactivity in anti-NS-treated retinas (n = 3 animals, 3 sections/animal, p < 0.0001). (C and D) IBA1 immunostaining patterns in retinal cross-sections from glaucoma- and glaucoma + anti-NS-injected eyes. (E) Analysis of IBA1 immunoreactivity showed a significant increase in IBA1 immunoreactivity under high-IOP conditions at the 8-week time point compared with controls. IBA1 was significantly upregulated with anti-NS injections in experimental glaucoma. Scale bars, 50 μm). n = 3 animals, 3 sections/animal; p < 0.0001). IBA1, red; NeuN, green; DAPI, blue. Graphs show means ± SEM, and p values were obtained using Student’s t test.