Table 3. Characteristics of the study cohort included in the systematic review.

(*) Samples included in the qualitative analysis

Authors	Sample size of cohorts included (total n=4232)	Age of the study cohorts (in years)
Cahil et al. [52]	N=212- first-year students*	18 to 24
Perry et al. [47]	N= 40, first-year graduate*	<21: 7.9%; 22 to 25:52.6%; 26 to 29: 34.2%; >30: 5.3%
Rokade et al. [36]	N=115 medical students*, n=110 working doctors, n=400 people from the general population of rural and urban areas.	18 to 25: 42.72%
Anyanwu et al. [37]	N=780 were students*, n=420 professionals	-
Saha et al. [38]	N=100 medical (MBBS) students*, n=100 engineering students, n=100 doctors	18 to 22
Mwachaka et al. [39]	N=150 undergraduate*, n=55 postgraduate	-
Abbas Asl et al. [48]	N=331 undergraduate students*	17 to 24: 97.6%; 24 to 30: 2.4%
Maitreyee Kar et al. [40]	N=227 (69=MBBS 1st yr, 75= interns) *, n=144 (38 senior doctors, 35 nursing staff, 10 medical technicians)	-
Prameela et al. [41]	N=500 medical students* (undergraduates, graduates, and postgraduates)	-
Ghosh et al. [49]	N=100, first-year undergraduates*	18 to 23
Ciliberti et al. [46]	N = 1781, undergraduates*	<21:40.04%; 22 to 23:35.38%, >24: 24.58%
Sah et al. [45]	N=100 MBBS students*, n=100 paramedical students, n=100 nursing students	17 to 23: 82.67%, 24 to 30: 15%; 31 to 37: 2.3%
Biasiutto et al. [50]	N= 237 first-year MBBS*	-
Karmakar et al. [51]	N=361 undergraduates, MBBS*	<20:36.8%; 21 to 25:54%; 26 to 30:7.8%; >30: 1.5%
Varalakshmi et al. [44]	75 MBBS students*, 75 final-year engineering students	-
Guo et al. [28]	N=171, 1st and 3rd year medical students*	20.6 mean age
Kundu et al. [42]	N=181, MBBS students*, 449 paramedical staff	17 to 25
Lee et al. [53]	N=80, nursing students*	-
Singh et al. [21]	N= 400, medical and nursing students*	25 mean age
Jenkin et al. [43]	Anatomy experience (n=172)*, mathematics (n=133)	20 mean age